錢穆宗教觀析論－以《文化與教育》為觀察核心

The Analysis and Comment on Qian Mu's Concept of Religion-Taking the First View of the "Culture and Education"

梁淑芳(Shu-Fang Liang)

《臺南應用科大學報》 32期 (2013/10) Pp. 171-186

摘要

國學大師錢穆，可謂一代通儒。本文以其《文化與教育》為主，輔以錢穆的其餘相關論述，梳理出其宗教觀，且稍依拙見提出商榷。錢穆曾經提醒國人，「要有科學，也要有宗教」，意即承認科學對於中國追求富強的重要性，但又呼籲要有宗教來中和人生，使吾人能在物質與精神之間取得一個平衡。錢穆將人生觀大分為「現實」的「理想」的兩種，以「自依」與「依他」、「出世」與「入世」來區分。他經常提出中國無自創之宗教的概念，卻又同意宗教的某些功能。根據錢穆的解釋，中國人崇拜聖賢，這與宗教的某些行為在宗旨上一致，所以崇拜聖賢這一件事，就可以稱為一種人文教。錢穆始終認為中國沒有自創的宗教。本文以為，謂人之所以依靠宗教必有一些心靈上的理由，是可以成立的，但若謂中國無宗教，錢穆得提出更為明確的證明，以及更為豐實的論述，否則道教的存在就難以找到立足點，因為，道教從來就不是外國傳進來的宗教。

關鍵字

錢穆 ； 宗教觀 ； 宗教哲學 ； 《文化與教育》 ； 道教

並列摘要

Qian Mu, the master of Chinese studies, was a profound Confucian scholar in his time. Mainly based on Qian Mu's ”Culture and Education” and his other related comments, this thesis is to find out his concept of religion and to provide discussions from my personal viewpoint.Qian Mu once reminded Chinese people, ”We need to have science and religion as well.” He not only admitted the importance of science in China's pursuit of being rich and strong, but also advocated that religion could moderate life. Thus, we might keep a balance between spirit and matter.Qian Mu divided his life concept into ”reality” and ”ideal”. He showed us the difference between ”relying on oneself” and ”depending on others”, ”living beyond this secular world” and ”taking part in human community”. He often said that there was not any religion created by Chinese. But he agreed to some certain religious functions. According to Qian Mu's explanation, Chinese people's worshiping saints and sages was similar to some certain religious deeds. Therefore, worshiping saints and sages could be called the religion of human culture.Qian Mu always thought there was not any religion created by Chinese. My personal viewpoint is that we can say there must be some spiritual reasons for people's relying on religion. Qian Mu needed to offer clearer proofs and richer arguments for supporting his saying that there was not any religion created by Chinese. Otherwise, it would be difficult for Taoism to find its existence standpoint. As far as everybody knows, Taoism is never a religion from abroad.

並列關鍵字

Qian Mu ； the Concept of Religion ； religious philosophy ； "Culture and Education" ； Taoism