異質文本的互文性：以〈木蘭詩〉及迪士尼動畫《木蘭》為核心的考察

Intertextuality among Heterogeneous Texts: a Study of Mulan Poem and Disney Mulan

林淑雲(Shu-Yun Lin)

《東華中文學報》 5期 (2012/12) Pp. 1-27

https://doi.org/10.7000/NJCLL.201212.0001

摘要

本文旨在考察〈木蘭詩〉以及迪士尼動畫《木蘭》的互文性，以明中西文化視角下，當前文本如何通過借鑑、吸收、改造、更新，與前文本展現跨越時空的古今對話。〈木蘭詩〉與迪士尼《木蘭》的人物相仿，故事輪廓雷同，其互文聯繫主要表現在「一個文本（主文本）把其他文本（互文本）納入自身的現象」，同時「反應著對話者對前文本的當下態度、話題取向和話語方式」。準此，文中關注的焦點有二：一是文本的胎化與變異：迪士尼《木蘭》同樣以木蘭女→男→女的性別轉換為軸線，以代父從軍→征戰沙場→婉謝官職→歸返家因為架構，但立基於電影敘事的特殊性、商業利益的考量以及意識型態的差異，西方視角的再詮釋使動畫與〈木蘭詩〉呈現出同中有異的對話關係。二是主旨的融合與置換：動畫中的木蘭在相親失利（自我否定）→離家出走（代父從軍）→雪地激戰（自我實現）→逐出軍隊（自我否定）→皇城救駕（自我實現）→獲得愛情（婚戀自由）的過程中成長，使迪士尼《木蘭》在傳統的忠孝意旨之外，滲透出更多關於自我、女權、榮耀的價值辯證，從而碰撞激盪出新的文化體式，使「前時文本通過當前文本得到再生和增殖」，展現出「積極互文性」。

關鍵字

木蘭詩 ； 迪士尼動畫木蘭 ； 互文性 ； 文本互涉

並列摘要

This paper investigates generalized intertextuality among Mulan Poem ＂木蘭詩＂ and Disney's Mulan to understand how the latter text learns from, absorbs, transforms, and updates the former to have a dialog across time and space under the perspectives of Chinese and Western cultures. Mulan Poem and Disney's Mulan have similar characters and stories. Their connections are mainly in two areas: the containment of the earlier text in the later text; also the present attitude toward the earlier text, the selection of the topics, and mode of discourse in the later text. Therefore the focuses of attention in the paper are twofold: First, the derivation and the variation of the text: Disney Mulan has the same female-male-female gender transformation as the axis; serving the military (so her father could avoid the draft), fighting the enemy in the battleground, declining the promotion, and returning back home as the skeleton, but still shows subtle differences in the dialogs due to the particularity of the film narrative, commercial consideration, ideological differences, and Western perspective. Second, integration and replacement of the subject: the growth of Disney's Mulan is in the process of her failure blind date (self-denial), leaving home to serve her father's military duty, military career (self-realization), expelled from the army (self-denial again), saving the Emperor (self-realization again), and a romantic relationship. Hence Disney s Mulan demonstrates arguments for the values of self-esteem and women's rights in addition to traditional Chinese values. This culture difference lets Disney s Mulan become the regeneration and proliferation of Mu/an Poem, and show some kind of proactive intertextuality.

並列關鍵字

Mulan Poem ； Disney Mulan ； intertextuality ； intertextuality