營造綜合工程保險附加條款之研究－以水利工程為例

杜詠珉 ； 郭斯傑

《營建管理季刊》 80期 (2009/09) Pp. 83-95

https://doi.org/10.6505/CMJ-2009-80-83-13

摘要

「營造綜合工程保險」乃因營造工程性質風險極高、個案異質性懸殊，且承保條件限制亦多，無法用「大數法則」作歸納統計去訂定費率，亦難以適用於一般保險學的基本原理。且近年來由於台灣天災人禍頻傳，台灣營造工程已被大部分國際保險公司列為高風險「黑名單」，使得國際再保公司撤離台灣工程保險市場；再者，保險公司又以加貼附加條款作為手段，限制災損賠償金額，承包商為符業主合約要求也僅能勉強接受，否則將面臨無法承保之窘境。承包商為降低費率而提高工程保險自負額，雖然此問題已有所改善，但卻是以加貼縮限保障之附加條款作為替代。以水利工程常加貼之條款133水利工程附加條款為例，規定儲物料需置放於高於過去廿年紀錄最高水位或發生頻率廿年一次洪水位以上之高地，物料之賠償也只以三日內所需用量為限，若出險期間為六至十月，自負額需乘以條款規定之倍數，對於儲物料置放位置之高度，實際施工面難以達成，自負額加乘倍數亦限縮了被保險人的保障權益，許多附加條款規定皆有規避工程主風險之虞，本研究以最難覓保的水利工程為例，闡述目前水利工程保險常加貼之附加條款，對於案件出險所產生之影響。

關鍵字

工程保險 ； 附加條款 ； 自負額 ； 水利工程

並列摘要

Engineering all risks insurance encounters difficulties in setting reasonable rates according to majority rule, and it is also hard to comply with the general insurance principles. A few factors contribute to the situation: high risks of engineering projects, large scale of differences in project uniqueness, and immense underwriting conditions. Due to frequent natural disasters and human-caused accidents, most international insurance companies attach endorsement clauses to limit damage compensation. In order to gain favor of the insurance company and the owner, and to avoid the loss of insurance, contractors have no choice but embracing the underwriting conditions and additional articles reluctantly. Therefore, contractors often need to increase the deducible insurance to lower the rate. Even though efforts are made to improve the situation, endorsement clauses to limit coverage began to emerge as replacements. In fact, there are many difficulties for engineering when it comes to the height of material storage; the multiplied deducible also cuts back on security of rights of the insured. Many additional articles are also found to be avoiding major risks of the project. The discussion will circulate about some common endorsement clauses in the policy and go further into details of rates, deducible, additional articles, and content of the policy which have the most effects on the insured.

並列關鍵字

Engineering insurance ； Endorsement clauses ； Deducible ； Hydropower project