建築資訊模型結合元件分類在設計階段估算建案成本之實證研究

A STUDY ON FEASIBILITY OF UNIFORMAT II FOR BIM-BASED COSTING IN DESIGN STAGE

邱垂德(Chui-Te Chiu) ； 郭宇芬(Yu-Fen Guo)

《營建管理季刊》 91期 (2012/07) Pp. 36-47

https://doi.org/10.6505/CMJ-2012-91-36-12

摘要

建築資訊模型(Building Information Modeling, BIM)盛行後，應把設計作業時間延長，以便探討更多更好的設計方案，但在成本估算實務上，規劃階段的概估及初步設計階段的粗估，往往不足以應付替代方案所需的成本資訊，而施工階段的詳細估價，又太過繁複費時沒有效率。本研究以在建中的鋼筋混凝土住安樓，將所建置的三維模型，改用美國營建業提出的UNIFORMAT II元件分類法，用本地的工料分析與營建物價資料庫，進行設計階段的工程估價，再將由BIM輸出的元件單價、總價，與該專案委託專業估價所得的資料進行比對驗證；最後再嚐詴模擬基於價值工程提出的兩個不同替代方案，直接以所建的元件單價資訊，輸出不同替代方案的成本變化，探討驗證於BIM資訊模型應用UNIFORMAT II之可行性。研究成果顯示，以軟體內建的組合代碼欄位，可以迅速將BIM 模型中的元件，依照UNIFORMAT II的標準進行分類，為了建立元件單價資料庫，至少要用到第4層的次元件；以現有的工料分析資料建立UNIFORMAT II第3層元件單價時，不容易用工程會的編碼方式做自動化的連結，需要花費較多的人力建立元件單價資料庫。在第3層元件單價資料庫建立完善的情況下，設計各類替代方案時，很容易經由元件單價即時獲得不同替代方案的成本資訊，充份做到設計階段的價值工程分析。國內建築類工料分析資料較不完整，現行資訊分類編碼方式，在採用BIM流程後，應再次檢討是否改用國際標準碼，以提昇單位造價及分項權重資料之累積速率。

關鍵字

建築資訊模型 ； 元件分類 ； 成本估算 ； 價值工程

並列摘要

Due to the prevalent aid of Building Information Modeling (BIM), time spent on design operation should be extended in order to contract better design proposals. Cost control in practical engineering are often inadequate when rough estimates are drafted out during the planning and preliminary design stages, ultimately failing to meet the requirements of alternatives. Also, attempting to estimate cost after detailed design and/or during the construction phase is often too complicated, time-consuming, and inefficient. In this study, U.S. construction industry’s proposed UNIFORMAT II classification is applied to reinforced concrete residential buildings that are under construction. The unit price and total price will be extracted from the 3D model created with BIM tools and will be compared to the professional valuation of the commissioned project. Finally, two different alternatives will be proposed and the cost information will be extracted from the modified models to support the analysis of value engineering and to investigate the feasibility of applying UNIFORMAT II to BIM. The research shows that the assembly codes built-in the software can quickly classify BIM model components to the standards of UNIFORMAT II. In order to create a unit price database for the components, the fourth level sub-elements are necessary. When attempting to use existing data to create unit cost for the third level elements of UNIFORMAT II, it is not easy to use an automated link to encode available product cost and thus, more manpower is needed to build the component unit price database. After unit cost database of the third level elements is established, it is quite easy to extract cost information of different design alternatives to support value engineering analysis. Considering lack of cost database, it is suggested to reconsider using the use of international classification and coding of building information for quick accumulation of database, while advocating the use of BIM in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Building information modeling ； UNIFORMAT II ； Cost estimate ； Value Engineering