解鎖量子金鑰分發

Unlocking Quantum Key Distribution

鍾宏彬(Hung-Pin Chung)

《前瞻科技與管理》 9卷1&2期 (2019/11) Pp. 22-49

https://doi.org/10.6193/JATM.201911_9(1_2).0003

摘要

本文簡述了量子金鑰分發系統的重大發展歷程，由基本測不準原理與量子糾纏特性之兩種物理定律的介紹出發，配合整列出國際上具有相關技術之公司介紹，分析其發展路程，並簡介了五種常見的量子金鑰通訊協定之應用架構，與探討量子金鑰分發系統未來延伸至廣泛的應用終端，可能遭遇的困難點。於本文第肆章，筆者整理了近年來與合作團隊如何利用光學量子技術，結合積體化光學晶片的概念，提供開發積體量子光源的研究發想，並提出積體量子平臺的概念，冀望未來的量子系統，能高度整合於單一異質材料的晶片中，配合大幅縮小系統尺度的優勢，提高量子應用面的廣度與深度，並於文末探討如何將此積體量子平臺，未來實際應用於普及化的量子金鑰分發系統中。

關鍵字

量子光源 ； 量子金鑰分發 ； 量子密鑰通訊協定 ； 量子糾纏 ； 積體量子平臺

並列摘要

This paper outlines the major development of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. Starting from the introduction of two basic laws of fundamental uncertainty principle and quantum entanglement in conjunction with a comprehensive list of international companies with this technology, the author introduced the application framework of five common QKD protocols, analyzed their development paths, and explored the difficulties that various communication protocols may extend to a wide range of application terminals in the future. On the other hand, in the fourth chapter of this paper, the author has compiled the research ideas on how to use optical quantum technology and integrated optical circuits in recent years and provides research and development of integrated quantum light sources. The concept of an integrated quantum platform, the future of quantum systems, can be highly integrated into a single heterogeneous material substrate, in conjunction with a significant reduction in system scale, to increase the breadth and depth of quantum applications; and at the end of the paper, the author explored how to conform this integrated quantum platform into the popular QKD system in the future.

並列關鍵字

quantum light source ； quantum key distribution (QKD) ； QKD protocols ； quantum entanglement ； integrated quantum platform

參考文獻

Bennett C. H., 1992, “Quantum Cryptography Using Any Two Nonorthogonal States,” Physical Review Letters, 68(21), 3121-3124. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3121

Bennett C. H., and Brassard G., 1984, An Update on Quantum Cryptography, in G. R. Blakley and D. Chaum (Eds.), Advances in Cryptology, Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. pp. 475-480. doi:10.1007/3-540-39568-7_39

Bennett C. H., and Brassard G., 2014, “Quantum Cryptography: Public Key Distribution and Coin Tossing,” Theoretical Computer Science, 560, 7-11. doi:10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025

Bennett C. H., Brassard G., and Mermin N. D., 1992, “Quantum Cryptography without Bell’s Theorem,” Physical Review Letters, 68(5), 557-559. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.557

Bortz M. L., and Fejer M. M., 1991, “Annealed Proton-Exchanged LiNbO3 Waveguides,” Optics Letters, 16(23), 1844-1846. doi:10.1364/OL.16.001844