運動、政治與國際關係之宏觀分析

運動除了可以促進人與人之情感交流、凝聚社會與國家意識，也能改變國與國之關係。現代有許多國家透過運動塑造國家形象、傳遞政治立場與意識形態。隨著運動商業化與國際化的發展，職業運動不僅蘊含龐大的商機與市場，更是各國在國際局勢角力的重要「軟實力」之一。本文主要目的是透過文獻與實際案例的探討，將運動結合國際關係相關理論，說明運動外交的重要性。本文整理出運動外交的兩種模式與七種功能。除此之外，本文更延伸探討職業運動中的國際關係。本文提供相關領域之研究者新的研究議題與視角，讓國人更加認識運動、政治與外交之關係，進而使政府相關單位重視運動軟實力之重要性，以發展運動作為未來制定外交相關政策及突破外交困境之重要工具。

關鍵字

治理；職業運動；運動組織；軟實力；運動外交

並列摘要

In addition to promoting the emotional exchanges between people and consolidating the consciousness of society and the country, sports can also change the relationship between countries. In modern times, many countries have used sports to shape their national images and convey political positions and ideologies. With the development of sports commercialization and internationalization, professional sports not only contain huge business opportunities and markets, but also one of the important ＂soft powers＂ that countries wrestle with in the international situation. The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate the importance of sports diplomacy by combining sports with relevant theories of international relations through the discussion of literature and actual cases. This article sorts out two modes of sports diplomacy and seven functions. In addition, this article extends the discussion of professional sports and international relations. Through this article, researchers in related fields are provided with new research topics and perspectives, so that people in the country have a better understanding of the relationship between sports. Furthermore, government units can pay attention to the importance of sports as a soft power, and develop sports as an important tool to break through the diplomatic dilemmas in the future to formulate foreign policy.

並列關鍵字

governance ； professional sports ； sports organization ； soft power ； sports diplomacy

參考文獻

王穎芝 (2019，12 月 14 日) 。「歷史會牢記穆斯林的沉默」足球名將厄齊爾批中國迫害維吾爾人，阿森納切割「我們不涉入政治」。風傳媒。https://today.line.me/tw/v2/article/%E3%80%8C%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%9C%83%E7%89%A2%E8%A8%98%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B2%89%E9%BB%98%E3%80%8D%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E5%90%8D%E5%B0%87%E5%8E%84%E9%BD%8A%E7%88%BE%E6%89%B9%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA+%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE%E7%B4%8D%E5%88%87%E5%89%B2%E3%80%8C%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%B6%89%E5%85%A5%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E3%80%8D-xmLna6