從斧鑿真理的縱深到尋訪生活的樣態：言說者定義的轉變

From the "Discovery of Truth" to the "Art of Living": The Change of Rhetors

費翠(Tsui Fei)

《傳播研究與實踐》 2卷2期 (2012/07) Pp. 179-207

https://doi.org/10.6123/JCRP.2012.026

摘要

語藝學在經過漫長政治制度與歷史更迭的影響，也歷經「語言學轉向」、「詮釋學轉向」，「意識形態轉向」及「文化轉向」等理論的搓揉，同時更面臨了傳播科技發展與演化過程中語藝傳播形式的轉換。讓市民在網際網路高度發展的今天，似乎有機會重現傳統社會中面對面的接觸型態，也改寫了柏拉圖理想國未竟的溝通境界。在這一趟探詢柏拉圖理想國的漫長路途中，語藝學曾經賦予「哲學家皇帝」、「政治領袖」扮演神的代言人之特權，成就的是權威的告知者，卻不是言說者的真諦。然而「新語藝」學派賦予語藝理論新生，除承襲當代批評風潮，「語藝批評家」自身更自詡為言說者，來對抗社會一元化的專制思想，提供社會改變的創意與動能。但顯然「新語藝」學派仍為一般聽眾保留了「位置」，因為透過語藝批評喚醒了反思心靈，自可激發更多「聽眾」的潛力，轉化為「言說者」，並展開施為與對話。對於市民就是「言說者」的期待，試以「邀請式語藝」所創造的雙贏溝通理念作為實踐內涵，彷彿也在網際網路的虛擬公共空間中看見嶄新氣象的烏托邦理想實現的曙光。

關鍵字

新語藝學派 ； 邀請式語藝 ； 言說者 ； 能動性

並列摘要

Rhetorical study has been influenced by a long-term alternation of political systems and histories, undergoing a theoretical change from the ”Linguistics Turn,” to the ”Hermeneutics Turn,” to the ”Ideological Turn” and then to the ”Cultural Turn.” Meanwhile, it has also experienced the evolution of communication technologies. All of these processes have changed rhetorical forms of communication to provide citizens, in today's highly developed Internet world, with the possibility of the reappearance of the face-to-face contact pattern of traditional society, and rewriting the communication realm as described in Plato's ”The Republic.” During the long quest to accomplish the realm of ”The Republic,” rhetorical study used to grant the ”philosopher king” and ”political leader” the privileged roles of spokespeople for God, making them authoritative informers rather than rhetors. New Criticism, however, imbues rhetorical theory with new life. Rhetorical critics not only inherit the contemporary wave of criticism, but also pride themselves on being rhetors in a fight against unitary despotic thought, providing society with creative thought and the potential impetus for change. Obviously, New Criticism has saved ”positions” for general audiences. It believes that rhetorical criticism awakens introspection, which inspires the potential capabilities of audiences, turns audiences into rhetors, and implements action and dialogue. It is the use of a win-win communication philosophy, created by ”an invitational rhetoric,” that could achieve the expectation of the citizen/audience as rhetors. Moreover, the achievement of the expectation could be seen in the new ”Utopia” of the virtual public space of the Internet.

並列關鍵字

New Criticism ； an invitational rhetoric ； rhetor ； agency

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