本文從傳播公共政策的角度,探討假新聞(fake news)的管理議題。對受眾來說,假新聞和真實新聞並無明晰的界限,只有程度的區別,本文所稱假新聞,指刻意以傳統新聞媒體的形式來傳播錯誤資訊,目的在誤導大眾,帶來政治或是商業上的利益。假新聞之管理模式,大致可分為美國治理與歐盟監理機制,前者交由業者自主管理。後者倡議社群網站應自行檢測是否為假新聞,否則依法進行核處監理。臺灣面對此議題的公共政策選擇,強調網路治理之實踐,政府不涉及新聞訊息真假的判斷,而是如何敦促業者建立新聞真實查核機制。最後,抑制假新聞不能單單只談第三方團體的查核機制,還是要回到提升「新聞自律」與「媒體素養教育」,此或可成為假新聞管理議題治本之策。
This article discusses the issue of managing "fake news" from the perspective of public policy on the media. For audiences, no clear boundary exists between fake news and real news, with the difference merely being one of degree. The purpose of such dissemination of misinformation is to mislead the public while realizing political or commercial benefits. Approaches to the management of fake news can be roughly divided into two types, adopted by the United States and the European Union, respectively. The former adopts a passive stance, handing over to the industry for self-regulation; whereas the latter advocates that social media should detect fake news or remove such material when notified, with failure to do this being penalized under law. In Taiwan’s practice of Internet governance, given how highly Taiwan values and respects press freedom, it is believed that a democratic government in a free country should never be involved in the verification of news information. Instead, it is recommended that industry establish fact-checking systems. Lastly, suppression of fake news cannot focus merely on verification of news by third parties. Rather the solution should involve enhancement of "press self-discipline," "media licensing," and "media literacy education."