從權力分立及比例原則之觀點分析國家賠償事件對公務員行使求償權制度

Analyzing the Practice of the Right of Compensation Request from Civil Servants in the Events of State Compensation with a Perspective of the Separation of Power and the Principle of Proportionality

林政緯(Zheng-Wei Lin) ； 張祐齊(Yu-Chi Chang)

《國立金門大學學報》 1期 (2011/03) Pp. 147-171

https://doi.org/10.7056/JNQU.201103.0147

摘要

國家賠償事件之求償權行使，過往並非論述核心，惟近年來，因社會輿論要求對於公務員違法及廢弛職務造之賠償，不得均由國家負擔，而應落實求償權之行使。本文欲探討此種求償權之行使之本質疑義、立法論上之不妥性與公平性及解釋論上改善之可能。本文以國家賠償事件之求償權為理論架構，評析現行求償權制度之不足。求償權屬「具懲戒性質之獨立責任」，在立法論上，現行規範對於公務員之權益保障不足。且基於權力分立之觀點，求償制度應屬公務員法制之一環，宜由考試院規劃。再者，求償權必須符合公平原則，現今制度並非以「國家是否受具體損害」作為依據，而係以是否屬國家賠償事件，誠有不妥。此外，現行求償權範圍所涉及之標的巨大，存在過度求償之虞，必須搭配最高賠償限額及責任限制，以免損及公務員基本生存權利。

關鍵字

國家賠償 ； 求償權 ； 權力分立

並列摘要

In the past, the exercise of compensation in the cases of State Compensation was not the core of discourses. Only in recent years, especially those public opinions, the compensation for the damage caused by public servants' illegal or negligent actions cannot be paid by the state, but should follow the procedures of compensation request. This essay aims to explore the nature of the exercise of compensation request, to identify the inappropriateness and fairness in terms of the theory of legislation, and to seek for the possibilities of improvement in the light of the theory of explanation.This essay utilises compensation request in the cases of State Compensation as the theoretical framework in order to analyse the deficiency of current system of compensation request. Compensation request is to determine the nature of discipline and liability. In the light of the theory of legislation, the current institution lacks sufficient protection of civil servants' rights. In respect of check and balance, the institution of compensation request should be a part of the legal system of civil service, which should be planed appropriately by Examination Yuan. In addition, compensation request has to be consistent with the principle of fairness. The present institution is not based on the principle 'concrete damage in State', but on whether the case belongs to the category of state compensation. This is inappropriate. Furthermore, the current scope of compensation request has been so insolvent that could lead to over-compensation. The current system of compensation request must be supplemented with sum of compensation and limitation of liability in order to prevent the damage of the basic rights of survival of civil servants.

並列關鍵字

state compensation ； the right of compensation request ； separation of powers

參考文獻

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