This study discussed the pros and cons of re-levying the securities exchange capital gains tax in Taiwan, 2012. The discussion were based on the tax-related theories, the status of securities exchange capital gains tax executing in the developed areas of Asia, Europe and the United States, as well as the inspection of Taiwan’s previous failures on the levy of securities exchange capital gains tax. We also inferred the possible impacts on the securities market after the execution of securities exchange capital gains tax levy. Due to the faultiness of the available version of the securities exchange capital gains tax levy policy which Legislative Yuan passed after Third Reading, we looked back to analyze and compare the advantage and disadvantage of these five versions of securities exchange capital gains tax levy bill, which the government and the public consulted about before the Third Reading. Finally, suggestions and conclusions were proposed for the follow-up amendment of securities exchange capital gains tax system.