川普戰略轉變與西太平洋安全展望

Trump Strategic Change and Security Outlook of the Western Pacific

劉承宗(Liu, Chen-Chung)

《藝見學刊》 15期 (2018/04) Pp. 17-27

https://doi.org/10.6207/ART-VISION.201804_(15).017-027

摘要

2017年12月18日下午，美國總統川普向國會提交首份「國家安全戰略」。此「國家安全戰略」詮釋的「川普主義」，相當接近美國歷來傳統的國安思維。2018年1月30日，川普在參眾兩院發表「國情咨文」，聚焦建立一個安全、強大、令人驕傲的「新美國時刻」。2月19日，美國國防部接續發布「國防戰略綱要」，直指中國為戰略競爭對手，「經濟侵略」威脅鄰國，並將南海軍事化。三報告均以「美國優先」為主軸，經濟安全為重點。並預言未來挑戰美國安全的三個族群是：修正型強權中國與俄羅斯，流氓政權北韓與伊朗，以及跨國恐怖主義組織。中國試圖在印度太平洋地區取代美國，俄羅斯企圖恢復其大國地位，北朝鮮研製核子導彈威脅美國。相較於恐怖主義，「國家間的戰略競爭」才是美國關切的焦點。所謂「美國優先」，不表示「美國孤立」；美國在全世界擁有眾多盟友，聯合國、「北大西洋公約組織」、「印太戰略」是美國最大的力量。川普國安戰略在空間概念上，以「印太戰略」取代「亞太戰略」，顯示其戰略思維的轉變。

關鍵字

「美國優先」 ； 「國家間的戰略競爭」 ； 「印太戰略」

並列摘要

On the afternoon of December 18, 2017, U.S. President Trump submitted the first ＂National Security Strategy＂ to the National Assembly. The ＂Trump Doctrine＂ which is the interpretation of the ＂national security strategy＂ is quite close to the traditional thinking of the national security of the United States. On January 30, 2018, Trump delivered a State of the Union address in both houses of the congress and focused on establishing a safe, powerful and proud ＂new U.S. moment＂. On February 19, the U.S. Department of Defense continued publishing the outline of the national defense strategy, pointing directly to China as a strategic competitor, ＂economic aggression＂ threatening neighboring countries and militarizing the South China Sea. The three reports all focus on ＂America first＂ and economic security. Future Challenges Three tribal ethnic groups in the United States are: revisionist powers China and Russia, rogue regimes North Korea and Iran, and transnational terrorist groups. China is trying to replace the United States in the Pacific region of India. Russia is trying to resume its great power. North Korea is developing nuclear missiles and threatening the United States. Compared with terrorism, ＂strategic competition among nations＂ is the focus of U.S. concern. The so-called ＂America first＂ does not mean ＂U.S. isolation.＂ The United States has many allies around the world, the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and theIndo-Pacific strategy is the biggest force in the United States. Geographically, Trump's national security strategy was changed from ＂Asia-Pacific＂ to ＂Indo-Pacific＂, showing a shift in its strategic thinking.

並列關鍵字

＂An America first＂ ； ＂ Strategic Competition Among Nations＂ ； ＂ Indo-Pacific Strategy＂