台糖公司研究所之組織變遷及研究發展

Taiwan Sugar Research Institute's Organizational Change and Research Development

謝佳勳(Hsieh, Chia-Hsun)

《藝見學刊》 21期 (2021/04) Pp. 83-97

https://doi.org/10.6207/ART-VISION.202104_(21).083-097

摘要

在1963年，臺灣尚未全面發展工業化前，砂糖曾是為國內賺進巨額外匯的主要來源。台灣糖業股份有限公司（簡稱台糖公司）【註2】更曾是家喻戶曉且職工福利優厚的國營企業。然而，許多人都不知道的是，在糖業風光發展的背後，台糖公司有一群研究員們經年累月致力於甘蔗品種改良、土壤營養、氣象觀測、病蟲害防治、水利灌溉、工業管理等研究，他們是幕後至關重要的存在。本文藉由台糖公司研究所典藏文獻了解糖業研究單位在不同階段因應環境而調整的組織型態及研究發展方向，研究發現：1.1901年至1944年間日籍研究員著重引進新品種並提供優質蔗苗，1933年臺灣總督府整合各糖業單位成立「臺灣總督府糖業試驗所」。2.1945年至2002年間臺籍研究員致力於發展甘蔗農業與提升糖廠效率。1945年經臺灣省行政長官公署接收後改稱「台灣省糖業試驗所」，三年後改隸台糖公司並改為「台灣糖業試驗所」，單位名稱在1973年定調為「台灣糖業研究所」。爾後因應公司組織調整，1999年糖業研究所與畜產研究所合併為「台糖公司研究所」。3. 2003至2020年，台糖公司研究所的研究主題有顯著差異。在2002年臺灣加入WTO的影響下，砂糖不再佔有國內市場專賣之優勢，台糖公司逐步轉型成立八大事業部，包括：砂糖、畜殖、精緻農業、生物科技、商品行銷、休閒遊憩、油品、量販，研究人員則依專長分配至相關事業部發展。台糖公司研究所亦於2004年重整架構、調整研究方向。多年來，台糖公司研究所持續進步、積極配合政府政策研發，目前著重於循環農業、微生物醱酵、基因工程、長照住宅等相關研究。

關鍵字

臺灣總督府糖業試驗所 ； 台灣省糖業試驗所 ； 糖業研究所 ； 台糖公司 ； 台糖公司研究所 ； 國營事業

並列摘要

Before Taiwan's complete industrialization began in 1963, sugar used to be Taiwan's largest and most profitable export. Taiwan Sugar Corporation (TSC) was an important public enterprise that previously known for its influential contribution as well as decent employee benefits. However, not everyone is aware of that there were a group of researchers whom deserved all the credit from the prosperous sugar industry, due to the fact that they had spent years engaged in such studies as variety improvement of sugarcane, soil and nutrition, meteorological observation, plant disease and pest control, irrigation management, and industrial engineering, etc. This research is based on historical documents collected by the Taiwan Sugar Research Institute (TSRI) in order to understand its missions throughout separate periods as well as organizational changes adapted to the environment. As a result, this essay shows that TSRI's research topics could be varied in different eras: 1. From 1901 to 1944, Japanese researchers focused on introducing new sugarcane varieties and providing superior sugarcane seedlings. In 1933, the Governor of Taiwan merged several sugar-related units into the ＂Taiwan Sugar Experiment Station, Taiwan Governor-General's Office.＂ 2. From 1945 to 2002, Taiwanese researchers concentrated on sugarcane study and improvement of sugar factory performance. The ＂Taiwan Sugar Experiment Station, Taiwan Governor-General's Office＂ changed its name to the ＂Sugar Experiment Station, Taiwan Province＂, and was supervised by the Taiwan Provincial Administrative Executive Office in 1945, then its name changed to the ＂Sugar Experiment Station, Taiwan.＂ After three years, Taiwan Sugar Corporation took charge of the ＂Sugar Experiment Station, Taiwan＂, and the research organization lastly settled with the name of the ＂Sugar Research Institute＂ in 1973. However, in response to TSC's restructuring policy, the ＂Sugar Research Institute＂ and the ＂Livestock Research Institute＂ merged into ＂Taiwan Sugar Research Institute＂ (TSRI) in 1999. 3. From 2003 to 2020, TSRI's research topics had changed significantly. In 2002, Taiwan (R.O.C) joined World Trade Organization (WTO), therefore, sugar no longer had domestic monopoly advantage. Gradually, TSC started to establish eight business divisions, including Sugar, Livestock, Agriculture, Biotechnology, Product Marketing, Leisure, Petroleum and Hypermarket. On the basis of company transformation, and numerous researchers with specific expertise were also assigned to related divisions. Thus, TSRI reorganized its structure and changed research directions in 2004. Over the years, TSRI keeps evolving and cooperating with government policies actively. At the present, TSRI's research topics are focused on circular agriculture, microbial fermentation, genetic engineering, housing for long-term care, and more.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan Sugar Experiment Station ； Taiwan Sugar Research Institute ； Taiwan Sugar Corporation ； TSRI ； Public enterprise in Taiwan ； Sugar Research Development in Taiwan