朝鮮「寺剎令」對於中國民初及台灣宗教政策的影響

How Chosen's Regulations Governing Buddhist Temples Made an Impact on Religion Policy Promulgated by Early Republic of China and Taiwan

黃運喜(Huang, Yun-shi)

《法印學報》 9期 (2018/12) Pp. 115-147

摘要

台灣與朝鮮是近代日本在海外的兩個殖民地，日本佛教以殖民母國的姿態，將明治維新以後新面貌的佛教，積極地向這兩個殖民地傳教。台灣與朝鮮兩個總督府的殖民政策，除身受殖民母國日本政府的影響外，彼此之間也有相互學習或影響的地方。朝鮮總督府於1911年6月3日公布「寺剎令」，這雖是日本對於朝鮮的宗教法令，但卻影響到中國民國初年的宗教立法。1913年6月，袁世凱政府公布「寺院管理暫行規則」，此為中華民國成立後的第一個宗教法規，全文只有七條，在比較「寺院管理暫行規則」與朝鮮的「寺剎法」，可發現「寺院管理暫行規則」幾乎是「寺剎法」的翻板。1915年台灣發生西來庵事件，此事件造成台灣總督府的宗教政策，從「無方針時期」（1895－1915），轉向「調查時期」（1915－1931），此時期台灣總督府委任丸井圭治郎（1870－1934）從事全台宗教調查，經過兩次全面性的調查後，出版了《台灣宗教調查報告書》第一卷。在比較朝鮮「寺剎法」施行後朝鮮總督府對於朝鮮各道從事的全面調查，發現台灣總督府的全台宗教調查，也有參考朝總督府的宗教政策的痕跡。

關鍵字

寺剎令 ； 寺院管理暫行規則 ； 台灣宗教調查報告書

並列摘要

Taiwan and Chosen (now Korea) had been previously ruled by Japan as its overseas colonies for decades. Japan, as the mother country, took proactive actions to teach their new Buddhism (formed after Meiji Restoration) to these two colonies. In turn, the formulation of religion policy by Government-Generals of Chosen and Taiwan was partly influenced by Japanese colonizers, and partly an outcome of what Korea and Taiwan learned from each other. The Government-General of Chosen promulgated the Regulations Governing Buddhist Temples in June 3rd, 1911. Although these were religious decrees issued under Japanese colonial rule, they had influenced the regulations governing religion in early Republic of China. In June 1913, the Yuan Empire Government promulgated the Provisional Rules on Temple Property Management, which was the first set of laws on religion since the establishment of Republic of China. Upon close examination, it is clear that these provisional rules (consisting of only seven articles) were a replication of the Regulations Governing Buddhist Temples issued by Korea. In 1915, the Selai Temple Incident took place in southern Taiwan, which led to a turnaround of religion policy by the Government-General of Taiwan. Specifically speaking, the No-policy period (1895-1915) was replaced by the Investigation period (1915-1931). Around that time, the Government-General of Taiwan commissioned Marui Keijiro (1870-1934) to conduct a religion survey across Taiwan. After two rounds of surveys, the first volume of Report of the Investigation into Religion in Taiwan was published. Consider the overall survey conducted by the Government-General of Chosen after its Regulations Governing Buddhist Temples were enacted, it seems very clear that the religion survey across Taiwan was also a replication of the former survey conducted by Korea.

並列關鍵字

Regulations Governing Buddhist Temples ； Provisional Rules on Temple Property Management ； Report of the Investigation into Religion in Taiwan