臺灣高速公路設置大客車專用道之研究

Exclusive Bus Lanes on Highway: Case Study in Taiwan

黃燦煌(Tsan-Huang Huang) ； 蔡允中(Yun-Chung Tsai)

《管理資訊計算》 3卷特刊 (2014/10) Pp. 77-86

https://doi.org/10.6285/MIC.3(1)S.07

摘要

由於高速公路設置大客車專用道可以確保大客車不易受到其他車種干擾，以提升大眾運輸競爭力，並藉由車種分離，降低大客車與其他運具之間的干擾，提升道路效能，因此本研究利用高速公路局提供的國道即時路況，定時記錄車流量及車種組成，並依各路段實際車道數，計算出高速公路各路段在觀測時段的運輸容量利用率；再依模擬分析得到高速公路實施大客車專用道後的運輸容量利用率與預估車速。本研究依據臺灣高速公路之車道配置與交通條件，初步篩選國道1號338至370公里為設置大客車專用道模擬的範圍，分別以單向三車道、四車道及五車道之路段來進行分析，其中單向三車道路段，一般車道在下午15:00~16:00及晚上20:00~21:00間車道使用率幾乎已接近100％，至於大客車專用道之車道使用率最高只達20％，顯見規劃實施大客車專用道時仍有班次成長的空間；且下午15:00~16:00及晚上20:00~21:00間一般車道平均行駛速率會降至時速45公里，其他時段時速則仍在75公里以上，至於大客車專用道之平均行駛速率各時段大多能達時速90公里以上。單向四車道路段，一般車道於下午15:00~17:00間車道使用率最高達到85％，至於大客車專用道之車道使用率最高達35％；且一般車道除下午15:00~17:00間平均行駛速率只有82公里，略低於現況行駛速率之外，其他時段行駛速率均有所提升，提升幅度約達3~17公里；至於大客車專用道之平均行駛速率，除了能提升時速10~17公里外，更能將平均時速提升至100公里；單向五車道路段，一般車道於下午14:00~17:00間車道使用率最高達到65％，至於在16:00-18:00大客車專用道之車道使用率最高也只達30%；平均而言，由於降低交織車流的產生，其平均行駛速率仍保持在85公里以上，至於大客車專用道之平均行駛速率提升6~12公里外，更能將平均時速提升至100公里，顯見高速公路規劃實施大客車專用道後，雖然會造成一般車道使用率增加，但由於減少混和車流之情況，因此在道路容量足夠下，一般車輛行駛速率反而有提升的現象；至於大客車專用道之平均行駛速率皆有不錯的表現，且都尚有足夠容納未來班次成長的空間。

關鍵字

大客車專用道 ； 高速公路 ； 城際運輸

並列摘要

In this study, the Highways Agency provides real-time traffic and vehicles composition, and in accordance with the respective number of lanes, and simulates the highway capacity utilization and the expected implementation after exclusive bus lane. According the traffic of 338-370 km, there are three lanes, four-lane and five-lane in the direction. At three-lane, the general lanes at 15:00 to 16:00 and 20:00 to 21:00, the lane usage is almost close to 100%, and exclusive bus lane usage only up to the maximum 20%, showing planning and implementation of bus lanes when there is still room for growth shift; and from 15:00 to 16:00 and 20:00 to 21:00 general lane will reduce to 45 kilometers per hour, other times are still more than 75 kilometers per hour, exclusive bus lanes can reach more than 90 kilometers per hour. At four-lane, the general lanes at 15:00-17:00 lane usage up to 85%, and the exclusive bus lane usage of up to 35%; and general lane except 15:00 to 17:00 average driving speed is only 82 kilometers, slightly lower than the current situation; the others have increased 3 to 17 km. Meanwhile, the average travel speed of exclusive bus lanes, have increased 10 to 17 kilometers per hour, and 100 km per hour averagely. At five-lane, the general lanes usage are 65% at 14:00-17:00, and bus lanes lane usage only up to 30%. Reducing of traffic interference, the average travel speed can remain 85 km, and the average driving speed of exclusive bus lanes can improve 6~12 km, which shows the exclusive bus lane at highway will reduce the situation of mixed traffic, can promote road capacity, the average travel speed at general lanes can improve, and the average travel speed of bus lanes can have good performance, too.

並列關鍵字

Exclusive Bus Lane ； Highway ； Freeway ； Intercity Transportation

參考文獻

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