Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA)is a structural system analysis method for failure prevention, focusing on preventing and correcting errors before they occur, thereby improving or extending the service life of products. This research studies the maintenance process of Wafer Dicing Machine, and the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis method is applied to identify all potential failure modes in main mechanical structure. The failure modes are prioritized according to their severity, occurrence and detection ratings. Five highest-priority failure modes are selected, and recommended actions are identified to eliminate or reduce these failures. Research results show that Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is an effective method to improve maintenance quality and maintenance efficiency of Wafer Dicing Machine.