健身運動基本心理需求中文化量表編製之研究

The Study of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale in Chinese Version

蔡俊傑(Jyun-Jye Tsai) ； 楊慧鈴(Huei-Ling Yang)

《運動與健康研究》 2卷1期 (2012/10) Pp. 1-12

https://doi.org/10.29505/JEHR.201210.0001

摘要

在自我決定理論中社會支持層面，包括個體基本心理需求的自主性、勝任感和關係感，對個體動機和心理成長而言，都被視為相當重要的領域（Deci & Ryan, 2000）。運動參與者能夠持續長期的健身計畫，是因為自主性、勝任感和關係感的需求達到滿足；而在社會環境中滿足自主性、勝任感和關係感需求的因素，將促進內在動機和外在動機的內化，相對的，忽視或阻撓這些需求將對自我決定動機產生不利的影響（Vallerand, 2001）。因此，健身運動者在滿足了基本心理需求後會擁有更多的滿足感和興趣，抱持更積極的態度，對於持續運動的習慣有更高的參與意願，並且增加每週運動的頻率。本文旨在介紹Vlachopoulos and Michailidou（2006）所編製「健身運動基本心理需求量表」（The development process and initial validation of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, BPNES）呈現健身運動者基本心理需求量表的發展過程和驗證，BPNES以自我決定理論的3個層面為架構，包含自主性、勝任感和關係感，共計12題，量表經探索式因素分析、驗證式因素分析以及同時多群組共變數分析，顯示該量表有極佳信效度，提供未來研究的方向。

關鍵字

自我決定 ； 內在動機

並列摘要

In the context of Self-determination Theory, social-contextual supports of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are considered essential to motivation and psychological growth in any domain (Deci & Ryan, 1995). Individuals participate in and adhere to exercise for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are satisfied; Factors in the social environment that fulfill the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness will facilitate intrinsic motivation and the internalization of extrinsic motivation, whereas neglecting or thwarting of these needs will adversely affect self-determined motivation (Vallerand, 1997,2001). After exercisers fulfill their basic psychological needs, they'll have higher levels of exercise enjoyment and interest, a more positive attitude toward exercise, stronger intention for continued exercise involvement, a greater sense of felt control over sustaining exercise involvement and higher frequency of weekly exercise participation. This article will use (The development process and initial validation of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, BPNES) which made from Symeon P. Vlachopoulos and Sotiria Michailidou. The development process and initial validation of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) are presented in this study. The BPNES viewed this matter from three perspectives in SDT including autonomy, competence and relatedness, and a total of 12 questions. The scale were tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and simultaneous multigroup covariance analyses. The BPNES has excellent reliability and validity, and to provide directions for future research.

並列關鍵字

self-determination ； intrinsic motivation

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