登山活動本質之探討

The Discussion on the Essence of Mountaineering

楊建夫(Chien-Fu Yang) ； 林大裕(Ta-Yu Lin)

《康大學報》 3卷 (2013/12) Pp. 47-63

摘要

登山是台灣很普遍的戶外活動，這與台灣本身多山的自然特性環境，以及高度的經濟發展與高度自由的社會環境密切相關。不論是台灣本島山岳區的健行、縱走，還是國外的極高山「攀登」或基地營健行，台灣都能與國際水準接軌。然而在登山相關的學術文獻上論證，和現階段如火如荼開展的登山學校創辦，卻方興未艾，似乎在基本面上的登山意涵，產生了一個模糊區塊，主要癥結是：「登山」一詞的內容是什麼？相對應的英文又是那一個單字？登山意涵模糊區塊的產生，主要是因「mountaineering」英文一詞的中譯混亂，和「登山」配對英文用字與用詞的不一統；以及當找尋到英文類似意涵的「mountaineering」時，產生定義和內涵上的差異，而又再衍生出「到底什麼是登山？」的困惑。所以本研究依著以上的思維程序，透過登山相關文獻的回顧與論述，嘗試整理出構成登山主體「山」的定義；再透過Leiper（1990）旅遊系統模式，將旅遊空間特性納入登山的內涵中，綜合歸納出「mountaineering」最佳的中譯，與登山的意涵。研究結果顯示，「mountaineering」最佳的中譯不是「登山活動」，也不是「登山運動」，而是「登山」；登山的定義分狹義與廣義兩類，狹義指「需要攀登技術與技能的山岳區活動」，廣義則是「親近山為主要目的的一切山岳區活動」；登山的內涵是以旅遊為導向，登山運動、生態旅遊和地景資源為三大組成要素，「登山者」、「登山目的地」與「登山旅遊流」三大組成區域的山岳旅遊系統為模式。

關鍵字

山 ； 登山 ； 登山活動 ； 山岳旅遊

並列摘要

Mountaineering is very popular outdoor activity in Taiwan. Taiwan is a famous mountain island, especially being a lot of high mountains, and the development of economics growth, political free and social welfare is very high. Many types of mountaineering activities, including trekking, hiking, backpacking, tramp, even climbing that need high technical knowledge, skills and equipments, may take and practice in Taiwan mountains, and the attractions formed by tourism and recreation resources pull many foreign visitors. But, what is mountaineering? What is the definition of mountaineering? What is the origin and nature of mountaineering？The answer may not be given, because of having been hardly found from mountain literatures in Taiwan. Recently, many works concerned with mountaineering, for example: mountaineering education, mountaineering school and so on, have expanded and created, but those are not quite successful. The reasons are about the nature which the definition and essence of mountaineering is not clear and chaos. Another reason is that which is the best translation of mountaineering in Chinese? (mountaineering (登山), mountaineering sport (登山運動), or mountaineering activity (登山活動)?) The methods of this study are through the collection of literatures available in Taiwan, and comparison between the thesis of master or doctor and the papers of mountaineering conferences. The results reveal that the best translation of mountaineering in Chinese is ＂登山＂(mountaineering). There are two kinds of definitions, one is mountains climbing that need high technical knowledge, skills, equipments and the ability of sports, the other is close to mountains and engaging in any sport, recreation and travel activity. Recently, the content of mountaineering takes tourism geography into account, in consequence the situation that the essence of mountaineering has been modified into three parts: landscape resource, mountaineering sport, and ecotourism, has been emerged.

並列關鍵字

mountain ； mountaineering ； mountain activity ； mountain touris