臺灣兒童運動行為與肥胖刻板印象

Exercise and Obesity Stereotype among Taiwanese Children

陳俐蓉(Li-Jung Chen) ； 林君彥(Chun-Yen Lin) ； 唐誌陽(Chih-Yang Taun)

《國立臺灣體育運動大學學報》 3卷2期 (2014/06) Pp. 31-46

https://doi.org/10.3966/2226535X2014060302003

摘要

近年來兒童肥胖盛行率有增加的趨勢。西方研究顯示國小學童對於肥胖有嚴重的歧視，而遭受肥胖歧視可能讓兒童的社會交際和心理造成嚴重的創傷。另外，研究顯示運動可以增進健康並預防肥胖，然而，是否可以促進正確體型意識，仍有待研究。因此本研究擬探討臺灣學童對於肥胖的態度及其與運動之關係。本研究之樣本共計516名，來自三所國民小學之五、六年級兒童。請他們從六個肥胖、不同身體肢障及無肢障體態圖形，依喜好程度，排出最喜歡到最不喜歡的體型。結果顯示‘無肥胖／肢障’最受歡迎，其次為‘杵拐杖’、‘坐輪椅’、‘臉有疤痕’及‘過重/肥胖’，最不受歡迎者為‘失去左手掌’之體型。男、女學童在「坐輪椅」（3.9 vs. 3.4, p＜.001）及「過重/肥胖」（3.8 vs. 4.3, p＜.001）體型上的喜好排序差異達顯著水準。另外，運動行為係肥胖汙名化之顯著預測因子（p=.001），高運動者比低運動者較沒有肥胖汙名化情形；在控制干擾變項後，其結果依然達到顯著水準（p=.014）。與過去文獻相比較，臺灣學童對於肥胖體型汙名化程度似乎沒有西方社會那麼普遍；相較於肥胖體型，臺灣兒童可能更重視身體的缺失（失去左手掌）。

關鍵字

肥胖汙名化 ； 肥胖歧視 ； 肢體障礙 ； 身體意象 ； 體型圖片

並列摘要

There is an increasing prevalence of obesity among children. Research has shown high degrees of obesity discrimination among primary schoolchildren in the Western society. Obesity discrimination may cause problems in social interactions and psychological traumas for children. Additionally, research shows that exercise can improve health and prevent obesity. However, more studies are needed to examine if exercise can promote healthy body image. This study aimed to examine Taiwanese schoolchildren's attitude towards obesity and its relationship with execise. A total of 516 children (5th- and 6th-grade) from three schools participated in this study. They were asked to rank six drawings of same-sex children with obesity, various physical disabilities, or no disability at all, in the order of how much they liked each child. The 'non-disable figure' received the highest mean rank, followed by 'child holding crutches', 'child in a wheelchair', the 'facially disfigured', and the 'overweght/obese'. The drawing with 'left-hand missing' was the least popular among the drawings. Gender differences were found in the rankings of 'child in a wheelchair' (3.9 vs. 3.4, p＜.001) and 'overweght/obese' figures (3.8 vs. 4.3, p＜.001). Exercise was a significant predictor for obesity stigma. Compared with the low exercise group, those who in the high exercise group showed less obesity stigma (p=.001). The significant association remained after adjustments (p=.014). Compared the results to the literature, obesity stigma among Taiwanese schoolchildren is not as prevalent as that found in the Western society. Taiwanese children tend to dislike the body figure with 'left-hand missing' rather than the obese figure.

並列關鍵字

obesity stigma ； obesity discrimination ； physical disability ； body image ； figure drawing

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