優秀棒球與壘球運動員之視知覺能力分析

證實視知覺能力為重要之影響因素，然而國內外研究者深入探討持棒運動員在反應時間之參考數據仍明顯不足。本研究目的探討棒球及壘球運動員之反應時間與視覺空間注意力之能力，並比較與一般大學生之差異。方法：各22位男性棒球選手、女性壘球選手及一般男性大學生參與本研究。本研究採用COVAT模式評估受試者視知覺能力，並紀錄其反應時間、抑制性反應時間與反應總錯誤率。結果：棒球組在多項反應時間表現皆明顯優於壘球組，除了慣用邊與中性提示反應時間之外；另外棒球組在各項反應時間均明顯快於一般組。然而，三組於抑制性反應時間與反應總錯誤率未達顯著差異。結論：棒球運動員擁有較佳的視覺訊息處理能力，但在注意力轉移能力與視覺判斷力上，則未發現比普通大學生更具特殊優勢。

關鍵字

訊息處理；反應時間；注意力；反應錯誤率

並列摘要

Background & Purpose: Factors influencing athletic performances in bat sports are multidimensional and complicated. Studies had proved that visual perception of athletes was an important factor influencing sport performance. However, limited studies have examined reaction time of athletes in bat sports. The aim of this study was to examine reaction time and visuo-spatial attention in elite baseball and softball players, and to compare the differences between athletes and their non-athlete peers. Methods: Twenty-two male baseball players and 22 female softball players were recruited, while 22 collegiate men constituted the control group. The covert orienting of visuospatial attention (COVAT) paradigm was used to evaluate abilities of visual perception of participants. Data including the reaction time, the inhibitory reaction time and the response error rate, were collected and analyzed. Results: The baseball group performed significantly shorter reaction times in several testing items than the softball group, except in the dominant side and in the un-precue condition. Besides, the reaction times of the baseball group were significantly shorter than the control group. Nevertheless, there were no significantly differences in the inhibitory reaction time and the response error rate among three groups. Conclusion: Baseball players had the better abilities dealing with the visual information processing than other groups, but they may not be more advantageous than college students regarding the abilities of attention disengage and visual judgment.