區域排水型試驗流域建置與梅姬颱風案例分析

水文水理模式於防災預警中扮演重要角色，然模式需要足夠與可靠現場資料進行檢定驗證，以確保模擬正確性。為提供水文水理模式充足驗證資料，並考慮台灣南部地區都市化、受短延時強降雨頻繁及或西南氣流等現象，本研究自2012年起於高雄市典寶溪建置試驗流域，監測雨量、河川水位、河川表面流速與淹水水位等，至2016年止已有測站54站。典寶溪試驗流域中應用指標表面流速法，搭配颱洪期間現場流量觀測，以推估河川全洪程流量。於易淹區域設置連續記錄淹水測站，以改善現有淹水監測調查不足。研究中以2016梅姬颱風為例，說明試驗流域建置可獲得更多水文資訊及細節，對防災監測或災後檢討皆有助益。典寶溪試驗流域中即時與歷史水文監測資料可於http://wraew.ttfri.narl.org.tw/中下載。

關鍵字

試驗流域；典寶溪；全洪程流量；梅姬颱風

並列摘要

Numerical models play important roles for disaster warning and prevention. Sufficient monitoring data in field are necessary for model validations that help model to present real hydrologic phenomena properly. In southwestern area of Taiwan, high-intensity rainfall induced by southwesterly flow causes extreme flooding and inundations, especially in urban area. Therefore, this study establishes experimental watershed in the Dianbo River basin of the Kaohsiung City since 2012. In the Dianbo River Experimental Watershed, rainfall, river water level, river surface velocity and flooding depth are monitored. Now, the amount of monitoring sites is totally 54. The method of index surface velocity with discharge measurement during flood using ADCP is developed to estimate complete discharge history in flood event. The water depth sensors are installed in areas with high inundation potential to record successive flood depths in flood event. In this study, monitoring data during typhoon Megi (2016) are used to show more observations and highlight advantages after experimental watershed established. Users can download the monitoring data in the Dianbo River Experimental Watershed via the website http://wraew.ttfri.narl.org.tw/.