淹水潛勢圖的建立與應用

臺灣年降雨量約2,500毫米，多集中夏秋季的颱風或暴雨，使得中下游地區常有嚴重水患。1982年起行政院國家科學委員會推動大型防災研究計畫，提供政府部門在災害防救的科學方法及技術。在防洪減災方面，經國內學者數十年的努力，已建立河川洪水預報及二維淹水模式，應用於排水規劃及重要經濟建設的防洪設計。1997年國家科學委會成立防災國家型科技計畫，以二維淹水模式模擬不同暴雨情境之洪水與淹水情況的淹水潛勢圖資，並經過學者專家、水利主管機關及地方政府代表的初審，中央防災會報專家諮詢委員會的複審，及行政院中央防災會報獲准備查後，於2001年6月完成淹水潛勢圖資，運用於各災害防救階段，強化防洪能力及有效的降低淹水風險。

關鍵字

變量流；零慣性波；淹水潛勢圖；洪水災害

並列摘要

The average annual precipitation in Taiwan exceeds 2,500 mm. The heavy rainfall accompanies with typhoon or rainstorm happened in summer and autumn often causes severe flooding in the midstream and downstream floodplain. Since 1982, many academics and experts in Taiwan have cooperated with the National Science Council (NSC) in planning and implementing major science and technology programs for disaster prevention, aiming to support government departments in reducing the losses caused by typhoons and floods via the applications of novel methodologies and tools. The research focused on the developments of modelling tools for fluvial and pluvial flood simulations. The achievements included practical applications of one-dimensional (1D) river flood forecasting, and complicated two-dimensional (2D) overland flow simulations. In addition to assisting governments in drainage planning, the research outcomes have been applied to flood prevention and drainage design for many important governmental projects. In 1997, NSC created the National Science and Technology Program for Hazards Mitigation (NAPHM) to establish the databases of various hazard potentials (called inundation potential map), which are critical information for developing disaster prevention and mitigation plans. The inundation potential map was built for each county and city in Taiwan by simulating the flood scenarios, using a 2D inundation model, under different heavy rainfall conditions. The tasks were completed in June 2001 and the reports were preliminary assessed by academics, experts, representatives of water resources authorities and local governments, followed by the panel review of the Disaster Prevention and Protection Expert Consultation Committee. The Central Disaster Prevention and Protection Commission of the Executive Yuan approved the publications of the reports and distributed to all relevant ministries and local governments for their applications in disaster prevention. The inundation potential map can be used in the full disaster management cycle to strengthen flood resilience and reduce flood risk.

並列關鍵字

Unsteady flow ； Non-inertia wave ； Inundation potential map ； Flood damages

參考文獻

陳聯光、傅金城，2007，〈科技服務類—玉山獎颱洪災害應變作業與防災科技管理〉，《國研科技》，16期：頁 32-37。doi:10.29659/NARLQ.200710.0010

Chang, T.-J., Hsu, M.-H., Teng, W.-H., & Huang, C.-J. 2000. A GIS-assisted distributed watershed model for simulating flooding and inundation. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 36: 975-988. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb05703.x

Chen, A. S., Hsu, M.-H., Teng, W.-H., Huang, C.-J., Yeh, S.-H., & Lien, W.-Y. 2006. Establishing the database of inundation potential in Taiwan. Natural Hazards, 37: 107-132. doi:10.1007/s11069-005-4659-7

Chow, V. T., & Ben-zvi, A. 1973. Hydrodynamic modeling of two-dimensional watershed flow. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 99(11), 2023-2040. doi:10.1061/JYCEAJ.0003790

Hsu, M. H., Chen, S. H., & Chang, T. J. 2000. Inundation simulation for urban drainage basin with storm sewer system. Journal of Hydrology, 234: 21-37. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00237-7

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