羅斯福政府內部組織爭奪戰後金融外交政策掌控權之研究

The Study on the Authority Competition of Postwar Financial Foreign Policy in FDR Administration

胡隴凱(Lung-Kai Hu)

《淡江國際與區域研究》 2卷1期 (2013/06) Pp. 69-98

摘要

國務院與財政部同為美國成立最早的三個行政部會，國務院主管外交，財政部主管金融財政。第二次世界大戰前美國的外交持保守心態，國務院的角色處於被動，二次世界大戰爆發使得美國積極介入國際事務，在金融外交政策上與財政部職權重疊，本文以艾里遜決策理論中的組織模式，來探索國務院與財政部兩組織在戰後金融外交政策上的競合關係。本研究發現：1.在組織目標上，國務院政策目標具理想，但缺乏實際性，財政部的計畫，符合現實環境，為各方所接受。2.在組織文化上，國務院保守、缺乏專業，反觀財政部則較具有新政態度，擁有金融人才。3.在作業程序上，財政部內部事權統一，國務院內授權不足、職權重疊。最後終為財政取得戰後金融外交政策的主導權，召開布列敦森林會議（Bretton Woods Conference），各國簽訂協議於戰後設置國際貨幣基金與世界銀行。

關鍵字

組織模式 ； 羅斯福政府 ； 戰後金融外交政策 ； 財政部 ； 國務院

並列摘要

The State Department and the Treasury Department of the United States both are the first two constitutional administrative departments. The State Department charges the foreign affairs and the Treasury Department the financial affairs. The outbreak of World War II brought the United States to actively participate the international affairs, but the nature of financial foreign policy is overlapping between the authorities of the State Department and the Treasury Department. This study is going to explore the competition relationships between the State Department and the Treasury Department on the financial foreign policy after WWII by the Organizational Behavior Model of Graham T. Allison's theory. This study finds that: 1. On the Organizational Goals, the State Department jut had an ideal vision, but the strategy of Treasury Department fit the political environment with the international acceptance. 2. On the Organizational Culture, the State Department was conservative but the Treasury had a practical ”New Deal” attitude with the support of a group of professional officials. 3. On the Operational Procedure, the State Department didn't have a sufficient authority among the faculties, but the executive powers in Treasury Department had got unified. Finally, the Treasury Department won the competition and leaded the U.S. postwar financial foreign policy to build the International Monetary Fund and the Word Bank.

並列關鍵字

Organizational Behavior Model ； FDR Administration ； Postwar Financial Foreign Policy ； Department of Treasury ； Department of State