東亞區域整合下的日本農業改革

Japanese Agricultural Reform under the Progress of Regional Integration in East Asia

宇都宮溪(Kei Utsunomiya)

《淡江國際與區域研究》 3卷1期 (2014/06) Pp. 59-98

摘要

本文目的在於探討在東亞區域整合下，日本如何因應國際環境的變化以推動本身的農業改革。本文的論點可以歸結為如下三點：第一，討論東亞區域整合的發展如何影響日本農業。雖然過去日本在保護農業的基礎下推動東亞區域整合，但在美國參加TPP之後，日本被迫改變以往的策略以重建本身的農業政策。然而，東亞新興國家的崛起同時帶來日本農業發展的良機，因而此類國外情勢的變化亦影響日本農業改革的方向；第二，分析日本農業的現狀。過去日本的農業保護政策主要是為大多數從事種植稻米的兼業農家。但農業人口的高齡化等因素導致日本農業在結構上出現變化，以往農業保護政策的必要性降低。因為許多論者批評過去的農業保護政策導致農業的衰退，加以在亞洲國家崛起的趨勢下農業出口增加的期待提升，從國內推動農業改革的呼聲一直不斷；第三，評估日本政府如何因應國內外的變化，以把握此機會推動國內的農業改革。透過以上的分析，最後本文希望從區域整合的角度，探索日本應該如何進行國內農業改革，作為本論文之結論。

關鍵字

日本農業的現狀 ； 日本農業改革 ； 農業保護政策 ； 東亞區域整合 ； TPP

並列摘要

This paper alms to point out the methods in which Japanese government can apply to accommodate to the changes in the international environment, mainly on promoting their own agricultural reform under the progress of regional integration in East Asia. There are three arguments in this paper. The first section discusses regional integration in East Asia and how it influence Japanese agriculture. While Japanese government developed their own strategy of regional integration in East Asia under policy of agricultural protection in the past, after the participation of the United States in the TPP, Japan was forced to change their previous strategies and rebuild their agricultural policies. At the same time, the rise of the East Asian emerging countries also brings an opportunity for agricultural development in Japan, thus such changes in the international environment affects the direction of Japanese agricultural reform. Secondly the current situation of Japanese domestic agriculture will be analyzed. Japan's past policy of agricultural protection is for rice farmers who represent a large percentage of Japanese part-time farmers. But factors such as an aging population in Japan has led to a change in the structure of agriculture, so it is not necessary for the Japanese government to keep this rather outdated policy of agricultural protection. In fact, many mention excessive agricultural protection policies are responsible for the decline of Japanese agriculture. At the same time, the rise of Asian countries is causing a trend of increasing agricultural exports. These changes call for Japanese people to progress in the agricultural reform. The third part assesses how Japanese government respond to domestic international changes and capitalize on this opportunity to promote domestic agricultural reform. Finally, from the perspective of regional integration, this paper will explore how Japanese government should promote domestic agricultural reform in conclusion.

並列關鍵字

Current situation of Japanese agriculture ； Japanese agricultural reform ； Agricultural protection ； Regional Integration in East Asia ； TPP