撐竿跳高選手下肢支撐動作對成績表現之研究

A Study on Lower Limb Motion during Holding Phase to Achievement in Pole-vaulting

黃宏春(Hong-Chun Huang) ； 李亞瑾(Ya-Chin Lee)

《科學與人文研究》 3卷2期 (2015/06) Pp. 18-33

https://doi.org/10.6535/JSH2015063202

摘要

本研究主要分析男女撐竿跳高選手起跳階段下肢動作對成績表現，以提供教練、選手訓練之參考。方法：以二部每秒60張畫面的攝影機（Sony），拍攝以民國九十四年雲林縣全國運動會男子撐竿跳高決賽前八名選手及女子撐竿跳高決賽前五名選手為受試者，以Dempster（1955）14個肢段、21個關節點的人體模型，透過Kwon3D動做分析軟體對選手最加比賽成績實施二度空間的影片分析，並以皮爾遜積差相關探討參數與成績之間相關。結果與結論為一、男女受試者髖關節再之稱階段分別相差47.08°、53.53°，顯示髖關節在支撐階段過程中有較小的伸展動作；二、女子受試者在垂直力量與成績達顯著相關（r= 0.776，p ＜ .05），顯是較大的垂直力量將能夠增加起跳時垂直衝力，對成績表現將有所增加；三、擺動腿角速度男女受試者緩衝期均大餘蹬伸期，越快的擺動腿角速度，將可加速通過緩衝煞車階段，減少水平速度損失；四、擺動腿幅度男子61.33±14.22度、女子34.74±12.15度，男子擺動腿擺動幅度較女子大，顯示男子以較積極的擺動腿來創造較佳的起跳動作；五、男女受試者在支撐階段前期緩衝時間有較大的煞車力影響，因此水平素度損失較多，而後期較小的蹬伸時間將無法有效增加推蹬力量。建議加強髖關節伸展動作、家大起跳時垂直力量及擺動腿角速度與幅度，姜有利於成績的表現。

關鍵字

撐竿跳高 ； 下肢動作 ； 勁度 ； 擺動腿

並列摘要

The study aims at analyzing the arm and leg movement in take-off phase to male and female pole-vaulters' achievement. Hopefully this will provide reference in training for coaches and athletes. Method: Two cameras (Sony) with speed of 60 frames per second were used to film the male and female pole vault final of International Track and Field Invitation Match in 2005. This study used Dempster's (1995) 14-segment and 21-point body model and Kwon 3D movement analysis device to do two dimensional analyze on athletes' best performance. Also, the relationship between score and parameter was discussed by using Pearson's product-moment correlation method. Results and conclusions: 1. For male and female athletes, the angles of their hip joints are 47.08° and 53.53°, so the hip joints have smaller stretching movement during holding phase. 2. 3. 4. 5. For male and female athletes, the horizontal speed loses a lot in the early buffering period of holding phase because of the larger braking power. Suggestions: To reinforce the stretch of hip joint, to increase the right hand pushing speed as well as to decrease the body angle while taking off will be advantageous to achievement.

並列關鍵字

Pole vault ； Lower limb motion ； Stiffness ； Free leg

參考文獻

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Shiga and Ogata. (2004). Relationship among muscle strength of lower limbs, kinematic and kinetic during take off in the long jump-focus on the knee joint and hip joint, Journal of Sports Science in Japanese, 53, pp. 157-166.