政府出版品產業分析：以金門縣文化局為例

依據國家圖書館的分類，臺灣出版業實際出版尚存在3種業者，即一般出版社、政府機關與個人。本文將以政府機關出版品作為研究標的，並以金門縣文化局為個案，獎助個人、村史及口述歷史三者為主。採貝瑞岱比較教育研究法來從事比較性研究。研究發現，首先在獎助個人出版，一、歷史文獻、文學、詩詞與藝術分類調查比較方面，文學佔70.19%、地方文獻25.16%、詩詞0.993%、藝術3.642%。二、各年度受補助調查比較，自民國85年至109年計25年間，共補助「302本」著作出版，除89年文化局未補助出版，又以104年比例最高將近1成，共有27本、28人接受補助。鼎盛時期為「94年以後」，每年皆以10本以上速度雨露春筍般補助出版，其中又以99年20本、104年27本、106年22本、107年20本與108年23本為最。三、性別比例，民國85年至110年地方文獻出版，男性佔76.49%、女性23.17%。次則，村史，一、金門六鄉鎮達成率，在金門共184個自然村（或聚落）之中，2022年4月止，業已完成37本，已達成20.10％。若以地域分布的自然村數量（或達成率）為計，在六鄉鎮中烏坵鄉正好相反進度為最，在2個自然村中已完成一本達成率為50％最高；金城鎮29.03％緊追在後、金沙鎮24％排在第三；至於小金門烈嶼鄉，在26個自然村之中已完成6本，換句話說已完成近四分之一。金湖鎮最低僅7.5％，在40個自然村中僅完成3本（3個自然村）。二、性別比例上，在37本已完成村史之中，男性比例佔82.05%、女性為17.94%。最後，在口述歷史。一、分類比較上，自民國106年至111年計6年的時間，金門縣文化局共出版12本，數量上以李福井在106與107年最高計4本、董群廉2本。分類上，教育、文化及文化、藝術各佔50%。二、性別上，不同於前二者獎助個人及村史，口述歷史截自2022年12為止皆以男性作者為主。最後，在研究建議上，首先在獎補助，針對地方文獻或詩詞、藝術類「提高補助金額」，吸引更多有識之士加入。次則，村史：如何提升金湖鎮達成率?擬建立獎勵制度，提供每件申請案3000至6000不等的獎勵。最後，口述歷史：如何鼓勵女性參與競爭型計畫撰寫？建議可以在辦法上特別「保留一位名額給女性」，讓女性投入者更大機會勝出，若當年仍未有女性提出，則留用至一般名額。

關鍵字

金門縣文化局；獎助個人；金門村史；口述歷史

並列摘要

According to the National Central Library's classification, there are three types of publishers in Taiwan: general publishing houses, government agencies, and individuals. This study focuses on publications from government agencies, specifically, the case of the Cultural Affairs Bureau of Kinmen County and the subsidies it extends to individuals, village histories, and oral histories. G. Z. F. Bereday's comparative method in education was deployed for this study. The research findings reveal the following. First, the results for subsidies provided to individual publishers were as follows: 1) As per a comparative study on the categories of historical documents, literature, poetry, and art, literature weights 70.19%, followed by local collection, 25.16%; poetry, 0.993%; and art, 3.642%. 2) As per the comparative study on annual subsides, 302 publications were subsidized in 25 years, starting from the 85^(th) to the 107^(th) year of the Republic of China, with the exclusion of the 89^(th) year, when no subsidy was granted. The publication in the 104^(th) year took the highest weight, approaching 10% of the total, with 27 publications and 28 persons receiving subsidies. The peak period was the 94^(th) year onward, with 10 publications springing up with subsidies, followed by the extraordinary records of 20 publications in the 99^(th) year, 27 in the 104^(th) year, 22 in the 106^(th) year, 20 in the 107^(th) year, and 23 in the 108^(th) year. 3) The gender ratio, that is, the percentage of male and female publishers were 76.49% and 23.17%, respectively, for the publications of local collections from the 85^(th) to the 110^(th) year. Second, the results for village histories were as follows: 1) With regard to the achievement rate of 6 townships, within 184 natural villages (or clusters), 37 publications were accomplished, which accounted for 20.10% achievement rate by April 2022. Wuqiu Township had the best achievement at 50%, where 1 book was published for every 2 natural villages, followed by 29.03% in Jincheng Township and 24% in Jinsha Township. Lieyu Township in Little Kinmen accomplished nearly a quarter of the total, with 6 publications out of 26 natural villages. Jinhu Township had the lowest achievement level, completing only 3 books (3 natural villages) for 40 natural villages. 2) With regard to the gender ratio, within 37 accomplished village histories, 82.05% publishers were male and 17.94% were female. Third, the results for oral histories were as follows: 1) In 6 years, starting from the 106^(th) year to the 111^(th) year of the Republic of China, 12 books were published by the Cultural Affairs of Bureau, Kinmen County, with 4 books written by Li Fujing in the 106^(th) and 107^(th) years and 2 books by Dong Qunlian. By category, education, culture, and art accounted for 50% of the publications. 2) With regard to oral history publications, the gender ratio is different from that of individual publishers and village histories, with male authors taking the lead as of December 2022. Based on the research results, it is recommended to increase the subsidy amount for the category of local collections, poetry, and art to attract more people with relevant knowledge and talents. Second, for village histories, to improve the achievement rate of Jinhu Township, an incentive program offering 3000 to 6000 for each application is recommended. Finally, for oral histories, a reserved vacancy for female writers is recommenced to improve female participants' winning chances, thus motivating them to participate in the competition. The reserved vacancy can be filled by regular participants in case there are no female contestants.