美式民主與中式民主之融合：以金門國際和平經濟區為例

金門，一座彈丸小島，受到美、中、台制肘、風雨飄搖，地方居民聲音難以有個出口；又於1992年解除戰地政務、開放地方選舉，政治與經濟起了非常大變化。本文採文獻蒐集與貝瑞岱比較研究法。在中式與美式民主融合下，適時解決一、金門永久非軍事區在地緣政治脈絡下政治與經濟的作法；二、金門納入海西區SWOT分析；三、從政治與經濟二個面相試以比較沖繩島與金門島。研究發現，首先，在金門非軍事化上，從1946年至2023年止，五位台灣政治領導人對金門國際和平經濟區政治意向，以馬英九支持軍事化程度較強；在政治上的融合可循地方公投，海岸巡防與警察取代駐守的軍隊；經濟上，將金門納入海峽西岸經濟區。二、納入海西區SWOT分析發現以下：融合中式、美式民主及地緣政治區位優勢、「五緣」關係緊密、金門自身發展停滯、政治統戰與軍事威脅、中共中央政策全力支持、試行際遇機不可失、將面對沿海與西部優勢、台灣內部政治壓力等。三、比較沖繩島與金門島在相同處發現：同樣面臨中國大陸認同感的問題、同樣面臨海外移民問題、地緣位置同樣面臨中國大陸威脅。最後，和平被視為普世價值，金門國際和平經濟區，僅是提供兩岸發展一未來途徑。若失敗，兩岸可退回原點不至於產生重大傷害；若成功，將可為分離70多年的兩岸開創一新契機。

關鍵字

地緣政治；美式民主；中式民主；金門永久非軍事區；國際和平經濟區

並列摘要

Kinmen, a small island, has been impeded by America, China, and Taiwan, leaving them in a precarious position where locals are unable to express their opinions. In 1992, after ending the temporary martial law and holding local elections, Kinmen experienced dramatic changes in its politics and economy. This article uses document analysis and Bereday's Comparative Methods. With the fusion of American-style democracy and Chinese-style democracy it is important to examine: 1. the political and economic practices of the Kinmen permanent demilitarized zone in the context of geopolitics; 2. the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of including Kinmen into the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone; and 3. the comparison of Kinmen Island and Okinawa Island through the lens of politics and the economy. The research findings reveal that, firstly, on the subject of Kinmen's demilitarization, among the five Taiwanese political leaders in the period of 1946 to 2023, in terms of political intentions, Ma Ying-jeou is the strongest supporter of militarization of the Kinmen Free Trade Zone. Political integration could be accomplished through a local referendum and replacing garrison troops with coast guards and police, while economic integration could be implemented by including Kinmen into the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone. Secondly, the SWOT analysis of the inclusion of Kinmen into the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone has revealed the following: the advantages of fusing Chinese-style and American-style democracy and geopolitical zones, the closeness of the "five relationships" in kidnap, geography, religion, business and product, developmental stagnation in Kinmen, the political united front and military threat, full policy support from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the rare opportunity for a trial operation, that Kinmen will be challenged by the competitive advantages of the Western Strait and the Coast, and internal political pressure in Taiwan. Thirdly, the comparison of Okinawa Island and Kinmen Island shows the following similarities: They both face the issue of Mainland China's sense of identity, the same issue of overseas immigrants, and the same threat to their geographic locations from Mainland China. Finally, peace is regarded as a universal value, and so the Kinmen Free Trade Zone can be seen as just one of the options for cross-strait development in the future. If this attempt fails, both Taiwan and China would be able to return to their original state without major damages; if this attempt succeeds, a new opportunity will emerge for the two sides of the strait, which have been separated for more than seventy years.

並列關鍵字

geopolitics ； American-style democracy ； Chinese-style democracy ； Kinmen permanent demilitarized zone ； Free Trade Zone

參考文獻

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