Business Anthropology, Family Ideology and Japan

企業人類學，家族意識型態和日本

Brian Moeran

《華人應用人類學學刊》 1卷2期 (2012/12) Pp. 1-22

https://doi.org/10.6290/CJAA.2012.0102.01

摘要

本文旨在強調在研究家族企業的眾多學科裏，不能忽視人類學在方法論和分析方法上的影響。文章中以三個相互關聯的研究主題，闡明日本的企業人類學及家庭意識型態的發展和實踐。另外，筆者也指出原本由人類學家所提出及闡釋，日本企業研究裏的家庭意識型態概念，如何被對日本產業體系有興趣的商業及管理學研究者引用後，變成沒有日本特色的概念。許多管理學者的研究結果往往產生誤導，因為他們常只是依賴二手資料，而非一手的參與觀察。筆者最後指出，研究者應該察覺傳統的家戶制度和現代經濟關係的關聯性，而非只看到家族意識型態這個概念本身。人類學和其他學科最大的不同在於，澄清人們實際上做了什麼而非人們說他們自己做了什麼；人類學更在意的是他們的實際行為而不只是他們對自己行為的解釋和／或依據。

關鍵字

企業人類學 ； 家族意識型態 ； 日本

並列摘要

Like those of business and management studies, methodological and theoretical contributions of anthropology to the study of family business cannot be ignored. This article elucidates three interconnected themes relating to the development and practices of business anthropology and family ideology in Japan. It also looks at how the family ideology in Japanese business first described and explained by anthropologists has been taken up by those with an interest in the Japanese industrial system, but working in field of management and business studies without any particular specialization in ”things Japanese.” Their research often relies on second than first-hand knowledge, and can therefore be misleading. The author points to the perceived connections between the traditional household system, not just family ideology, and modern economic relations. He reminds us that what distinguishes anthropology from other disciplines is that anthropology stresses the importance of clarifying the difference between what people say about what they do and what they actually do. Anthropologists pay more attention to the latter rather than to the former.

並列關鍵字

business anthropology ； family ideology ； Japan