聚餐的背後：中國哈薩克族女性組織「恰依」研究

Behind the Dine Party: The ＂Qiayi＂ Study about Chinese Kazak Women Organization

聶愛文(Ai-Wen Nie)

《華人應用人類學學刊》 3卷1期 (2014/06) Pp. 107-119

https://doi.org/10.6290/CJAA.2015.0301.06

摘要

中國哈薩克族主要分布在新疆阿勒泰地區、伊犁哈薩克自治州、木壘哈薩克自治縣和巴里坤哈薩克自治縣。新疆哈薩克族女性的「恰依」是一種聚會形式，受到廣大女性的歡迎，基本上每位女性都有屬於自己的不同「恰依」，在業餘時間組織和參與，這不僅是一種簡單的飲食聚會，更是城市化進程中女性自我意識提高的一種外在表現，也是本民族文化變遷背景下的社會適應策略。這種飲食文化可看作是傳統和現代衝突中的潤滑劑。本文通過訪談法以及參與觀察法進行研究，從「恰依」在當今城市中的現狀及其發展、「恰依」對現代城市中哈薩克族女性的影響方面來探討新疆城市中哈薩克族女性「恰依」的影響及作用。「恰依」這一形式對特定民族風俗習慣的傳承和民族的認同感有重要影響，今天的「恰依」從家庭聚會發展到餐廳舉行，從個體的互助到公共領域的慈善捐助，從單一民族的構成到多民族的參與及性別的多元化，已經顯示出其作為非正式組織的內在機制的多元化和動態發展，其影響不僅僅局限於對於本民族女性發展的空間，更對於整體民族和地域文化的多元格局發揮積極作用。關注「恰依」這一民間女性組織，對瞭解新疆哈薩克族女性有重要意義，可以豐富關於少數民族女性的研究，探究女性在城市化進程中的作用。

關鍵字

哈薩克族 ； 女性 ； 「恰依」 ； 自我意識

並列摘要

Chinese Kazak are mainly distributed in Xinjiang Altay region, Ili Kazak autonomous prefecture, Mori Kazakh Autonomous County, Barkol Kazakh Autonomous County. The Kazak women's qiayi as a party form is extremely welcomed by women. Mainly every woman has its own different qiayi, and they participate in this organization in their spare time. It's not only a dine party, but also a kind of external performance for improvement of female self-consciousness in the process of urbanization. Furthermore it can be regarded as a social adaptation strategy under the background of national culture change. This diet culture is considered to be lubricant to solve the conflict between the tradition and modern. This study would talk about the current situation and development of qiayi through the method of interview and participant observation, and study the influence of qiayi on Kazak citizen female to explore the effect of qiayi. From family party to restaurant party, from the individual mutual assistant to public charity, from single ethnic group to the participation of multi-ethnic groups and gender diversity, it has shown qiayi as an informal organization has the diversity of its own internal mechanism and the dynamic development, its influence is not only confined to the development space of Kazak women, but also has its own positive role on the overall nation and the plural pattern of regional culture. Focus on ＂qiayi＂ this women organization would has important significant for understanding of Kazak women in Xinjiang, enrich the related studies for minority groups' women, as well as the role of women in the urbanization process.

並列關鍵字

Kazak Group ； femininity ； ＂qiayi＂ ； self-consciousness