Cash Crops and Climate Shocks: Flexible Livelihoods and Food Security in Southeast Yunnan, China

經濟作物與氣候衝擊：中國雲南南部農民的靈活生計方式與糧食安全

Champalle Clara ； Turner Sarah

《華人應用人類學學刊》 3卷1期 (2014/06) Pp. 47-78

https://doi.org/10.6290/CJAA.2015.0301.04

摘要

從歷史上來看，地處中國西南的雲南省，其農民曾一直保持著半自給的生計方式。自20世紀50年代以來，其生計方式經歷了巨大的變遷，先後經歷了集體形式的生計，再又回到半自給生計方式，最近在中國政府的大力鼓勵與財政支持下，又轉移到經濟作物種植熱潮。本文探討了經營經濟作物這一決定對漢族和少數民族農民的生計和糧食安全的影響。本文認為，發生在中越邊界地區的向經濟作物種植的轉型，以及不得不對極端氣候事件的應對與適應，未必能增加生計的可持續性和糧食安全。農民的脆弱性，是由具體的時空變數與社會文化因素交錯在一起造成的，而在政府干預期，這些社會文化因素還沒有被官員所認識。

關鍵字

經濟作物 ； 氣候變化 ； 糧食安全 ； 農民生計 ； 雲南東南部

並列摘要

Farmers in southeast Yunnan, China historically maintained semi-subsistence livelihoods. From the 1950s these livelihoods underwent profound changes, shifting to collectives, returning to semi-subsistence approaches, before a recent move to cash cropping, encouraged or financially supported by the Chinese state. This paper explores the impacts on Han and ethnic minority farmer livelihoods and food security of deciding to engage incash-cropping. We argue that switching to cash crops in these Sino-Vietnamese borderlands, combined with having to cope and adapt to extreme weather events is not necessarily increasing livelihood sustainability and food security. Farmers' vulnerability is rooted in specific temporal and spatial variables, interlaced with socio-cultural elements, many of which have not been acknowledged by state officials during interventions.

並列關鍵字

cash crops ； climate change ； food security ； farmers livelihoods ； Southeast Yunnan