宗密《原人論》對「宋明理學」之影響釋疑

Interpretation of Zhong Mi's ＂Essay on the Origin of Man＂ Impact on ＂Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties＂

卓玉芳(Yu-fang Cho)

《靜宜中文學報》 10期 (2016/12) Pp. 109-130

摘要

近代諸多學者，認為宋明理學之所以能够建構完成，是因為宋明儒者受華嚴五祖宗密的著作──《原人論》的啟示、激發乃至迫使他們去創造新的儒家理論。此說是否為公允之論？這一疑惑，筆者嘗試從四個觀點探究之。一、韓愈才是宋明理學推動的先驅者。因為韓愈志於復興儒家之學所提出的理論主要有四點，並為宋明儒者所接受。二、宗密創作《原人論》應是在晚年，而且可能看過韓愈的《原人》。三、周敦頤的《通書》、《太極圖說》，常被提出引用自《原人論》；然而，周氏之思想淵源自宋朝至現代仍然是一個學術爭議，而且尚無定論；是故也無法將之歸於單受《原人論》的影響。四、儒家思想本身即具可證性，經由儒者接力六百年間的實踐與體證，成德之教的建立是水到渠成之事。是故，若將宋明理學的建立歸功於《原人論》「真心說」之啟發，實高估《原人論》的影響與重要性。以四個面向探究，提出異議並予以辨明。

關鍵字

宋明理學 ； 華嚴 ； 宗密 ； 原人論 ； 韓愈

並列摘要

Many modern scholars believe that Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties was able to complete its construction because the Confucians were inspired and even forced to create new Confucian's theory by the＂Essay on the Origin of Man＂ of which the author was the fifth patriarch of Huayan Sutra, named Zhong Mi. Whether or not the argument is just and sound? I desire to explore it from four viewpoints. 1. Han Yu was the person pioneering Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties, since Han Yu was devoted to the revival of Confucianism and put forward four major points accepted by the Confucians of Song and Ming Dynasties. 2. Zhong Mi's ＂Essay on the Origin of Man＂ must be created in his later years, and he might have seen Han Yu's ＂The Origin of Man＂. 3. Zhou Dunyi's ＂Almanac＂, ＂Tai Chi Diagrams＂ and ＂Tai Chi Illustrations＂ have been often deemed to be quoted from ＂Essay on the Origin of Man＂; however, the ideological origins of Zhou from the Song Dynasty to modern times has been an academic dispute, and no conclusion could be drawn; therefore it cannot be attributable to a single factor being affected by ＂Essay on the Origin of Man＂. 4. Confucianism itself is quite provable, through practice and experience inherited by Confucians over six hundred years, the establishment of the teaching of achieving virtues is easily realized. Therefore the influence and importance of ＂Essay on the Origin of Man＂ is overvalued if deeming the establishment of Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties to be inspired by the ＂sincere words＂ of ＂Essay on the Origin of Man＂. Exploring from the four dimensions and raising objection to explicate truth.

並列關鍵字

Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties ； Huayan ； Zhong Mi ； Han Yu

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