晚明萬時華《詩經偶箋》的文學詮釋

由漢以迄明清，《詩經》的詮釋，大抵皆從經典、政教義理的角度出發，而《詩經》文學性的闡釋則相對匱乏不足。明代自萬曆以後的七十年間，由於崇情抑理的思想發展，科舉的八股制義取士、詩文評點的興盛、詩話的進展等原因，《詩經》文學性的闡釋曾興盛一時。《詩經》既是古代儒家經典的一部，同時也是一部詩集、一部文學作品。合《詩經》的經典詮釋、文學詮釋觀之，才能整全地來理解《詩經》的詮釋傳統。本文以拈出「今之君子知《詩》之為經，不知《詩》之為詩」的晚明學者萬時華的《詩經偶箋》十三卷作為探討的對象，聚焦討論萬時華的生平傳略、《詩經偶箋》的撰作與體例、《詩經偶箋》的文學詮釋等，以彰顯《詩經偶箋》在《詩經》詮釋上的特點、在《詩經》學史上的意義、價值與影響。

關鍵字

詩經；萬時華；詩經偶箋；文學詮釋

並列摘要

From Han Dynasty to mid Tang Dynasty, the Book of Odes had been primarily interpreted from the perspectives of classics, political and educational doctrines; in comparison, few interpretations elaborate on the literary contributions of the Book. However, literary interpretations on the Book of Odes have been flourishing for a long period during the 70 years after Emperor Wan-li ascended to the throne, when the scholarly mainstream is in favor of lyrics instead of reasoning, when the government recruit officials by the eight-part essays they wrote in the imperial civil service examinations, when the literary criticism became very popular, and poetry writing made a giant progress. The Book of Odes is not only an ancient classic of Confucianism, but also poetry collection, and a literary work. Thus, it takes a collective view of classic and literary interpretations to have a comprehensive understanding of the book. This study explores Shi Jing'Ou Jian by Wan Shihua, a scholar in the late Ming Dynasty, who states that literati today see the Book of Ode as a classic, but not a poetry collection. This study focuses on the biographical facts of Wan, his writing and formal styles, literary interpretations of Shi Jing'Ou Jian to foreground its characteristics in interpreting the Book of Odes. In addition, the significance and values, and influence of Shi Jing'Ou Jian's interpreting the Book of Odes are also explored in the study.