「詩意日常」－從《世說新語》中的「嗜癖」現象看魏晉士人的生命態度

《世說新語》中有魏晉士人豐富的嗜癖記敘，本文主要結合莊子的「物化」觀、海德格爾的「詩意地棲居」之「物」觀、「向死而生」的生存論以及巴赫金的「狂歡」美學，從敘事、生活及生命美學的維度進行分析，以顯豁魏晉名士的生命存在形式與精神特質。《世說新語》中的「嗜癖」敘事在描摹日常氛圍、個體情感及生命細節中，賦予了「日常性」美學之效。從生活美學上概觀，嗜癖呈現出魏晉名士的「棲居」與「向死而生」的「詩意」生存狀態。從生命美學上微觀，嗜癖中「物-我」的關係能擺脫「役物」、「耽溺」的日常沉淪，表現出「以物觀物」、「走向事物本身」的境界。裸裎癖、嗜酒癖集中表現在身體（下部）、「醉」狀態的敘事中，流露出「狂歡」精神，從中釋放的生命能量威懾著結構性日常。不同於模仿，有自我存在認識的狂歡癖行導向詩意日常。嗜癖還反映魏晉名士「畏」/不畏的生命態度，主要表現為直面死亡與由畏死而「籌劃」，在「向死而生」中展現個體化人格，彰顯了魏晉士人生命存在的最高形式。此外，逃避「死亡」而耽溺於物者、模仿者，與「眾人」皆表征了日常「沉淪」，與大勇的嗜癖者之詩意的生存境界形成對比。

關鍵字

嗜癖；「物」觀；狂歡；向死而生；「詩意」日常

並列摘要

There is the narrative of ＂Shi Pi＂ of the celebrities in Wei-Jin Dynasty in Shi Shuo Xin Yu. This paper discusses Chuang-tzu's thinking of ＂Wu Hua＂, Heidegger's Thinking of the Thing and the attitude of ＂being-towards-death＂, and Bakhtin’s theory of ＂Carnival＂ from the perspective of narrative, life and life aesthetics, in order to show the readers the state of life and the characteristic of spirits of the celebrities in Wei-Jin. In Shi Shuo Xin Yu, the author shows us the beauty of daily life from the description of daily atmosphere, personal emotions and life details of narrative of ＂Shi Pi＂. Viewing from the macro perspective of life aesthetics, the narrative of ＂Shi Pi＂ reveals the celebrities at that time tended to dwell poetically and to be towards death to keep the poetic life state. Viewing from the micro perspective of life aesthetics, the relationship between the thing and ego in the narrative of ＂Shi Pi＂ can help get rid of the falling of ＂Yi Wu＂ and ＂addiction＂, thus showing the thingking of ＂viewing the thing from the perspective of itself＂. ＂Shi Pi＂ in the nude and in drunk links with the narrative of body (the underparts) and the state of intoxication , which shows Carnival Spirits, and leads to deconstruct the structure of daily life. Because of clear attitude towards as a being, ＂Shi Pi＂ in the nude and in drunk instills a poetic life style, while the ＂Shi Pi＂ of the imitator can not. The narrative of ＂Shi Pi＂ also shows us the life state of ＂reverence for life＂ of the celebrities in Wei-Jin Dynasty. This is revealed by the ＂projecting-open＂ when facing death and the individual evolution in the attitude of ＂being-towards-death＂. And the poetic life is also the highest state of life. In addition, to be indulged in the thing so as to escape from ＂death＂ and the ＂Man＂ characterizes the ＂falling＂, and this is contrasted with the state of authenticity of great people.