論嚴復對中西思想的連結與轉化－以《評點老子道德經》為討論中心

晚清時期列強開始以器物、制度、思想打開中國門戶，讓有志之士開始尋求振興中國之道，而嚴復便是其中一員。他除了翻譯西方名著外，對於《老子》、《莊子》亦有評點，並多在評點中納入西方思想，以達到其理想中的「道通為一」之境。然而，值得思考的是，雖然嚴氏努力融通中西思想，但是否真能達至思想上的道通為一？在《評點老子道德經》一書中，嚴復在評點內容中乃將西方的天演觀、民主與治術意涵跟老子思想對應與對照，可發現其中有著異於老子的思想變化。因此本文首先從天演觀與老子思想的時間性質及理想境界來看，可知在前者與後者的對比上，不能說有所互通，呈現嚴復對當時變局的自覺。其次，則探討嚴復如何將西方民主概念比附於老子思想，了解民主概念在古代的中西方較為接近，但隨時代演進而有所轉化。最後，則討論嚴復如何論及老子、黃老與西方治術，並了解其較贊同融入法家的黃老思想，而非自然無為的老子。

關鍵字

嚴復；《評點老子道德經》；天演觀；民主；治術

並列摘要

In the Late Qing period, the Western Powers used the materials, forms and thoughts to shake the society of China. These impacts urged the people who wanted to change the society to find the methods for revitalizing China, and Yan Fu is one member of them. In addition to translating many western masterpieces, he also had many commentaries on ＂Lao-Tzu＂ and ＂Chuang-Tzu＂. In these Chinese classics, he added many western thoughts in them in order to achieve the ideal thought of ＂Tao Is One＂. However, we have to think whether the Yan's commentaries can achieve the ideal thought of ＂Tao Is One＂ in ＂Pingdian Lao-Tzu Tao-te-king＂. In this book, Yan used western thoughts called ＂Tian Yan＂ and democracy and the governing methods to correspond to the thought of Lao-Tzu, and we can find the former thoughts are different from the latter. So, in this article, I will compare the thoughts between ＂Tian Yan＂ and Lao-Tzu at first. Then, I will discuss how Yan Fu attached western democracy concept to the thought of Lao-Tzu, and understand the democratic meaning between Western and Chinese was closer in ancient times. But, it will be different and change with the time. At last, I will discuss how Yan Fu talked about the thoughts of Lao-Tzu, Huanglao and western governing methods, and conclude that Yan preferred the Huang-lao thought mixed with Legalists rather than the thought of Lao-Tzu.