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湯顯祖《牡丹亭》魂夢故事之淵源與發展探究

Origin and evolution of Tang Xian-zu's ghost and dream story

摘要


《牡丹亭》傳奇為明代劇作家湯顯祖之代表作,當中「情不知所起,一往而深」的重情、寫情與利刃般的禮教相抗衡,併發出「夢中情」及「人鬼情」的敘寫手法,借由前代小說故事當中「以魂為心」的思想主題,將杜麗娘及柳夢梅的情愛糾葛貫串一氣,成為全劇中至關重要的骨幹。而《牡丹亭》最主要的『藍本』,實即《杜麗娘記》與《慕色還魂》兩篇作品。故事上承魏晉南北朝至宋代之小說與話本及元雜劇,下開晚明至清代傳奇及小說,足顯湯氏《牡丹亭》之承先啟後與「至情」的重要地位。

並列摘要


Tang Xian-zu, 's "Peony Pavilion" mentioned in the story, do not know when love has become so profound. His story aims to express emphasis on love, write love and confront with the traditional rules. Developed d ream love and human and ghost love. With soul is thought themes from past stories, Turn Du Li-Niang and Liu Mengmei's love stories into the most important part. In addition, "Peony Pavilion" main reference to "Du Li-Niang ji" and "Du Li-Niang resurrection ji" stories to completed. On the other hand, it also includes the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Song Dynasty's various types of novels, the Song Dynasty's storytelling literature and the yuan poetic drama, at the same time Late Ming to Qing Dynasty's novel and drama also follow the trend. The conclusion is that issue, Tang Xian-zu, "Peony Pavilion" is a connecting link between the preceding and the following works and has an important position.

參考文獻


(明)朱權,《太和正音譜》(臺北:學海出版社,1991 年)。
(明)劉兌,《金童玉女嬌紅記》,(《古本戲曲叢刊初集》,影明宣德刊本),(上海:商務印書館,1954 年出版)。
(明)呂天成,《曲品校註》(北京市,中華書局,1990 年)。
(明)臧懋循,《元曲選》,(收錄於《續修四庫全書》)(上海:上海古籍出版社,2002 年)。
(明)鍾嗣成、賈仲明著,《新校錄鬼簿正續編》,(成都:巴蜀書社,1996年)。

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