心學心理學：心學如何在心理治療領域獲得突破與新生

作為古典中國最後一股具有原創性的思潮，在西風東漸的環境裡，心學對東亞社會(尤其包括日本與中國)現代化歷程提供強大的思想動能。不過，現代化歷程的特點就是人由傳統家族結構中掙脫出來，藉由經濟獨立來獲取人身的自由，卻因為不再與親人有著深厚的情感牽絆，置身在快速變化的環境裡，往往引發心靈的漂泊失依，人與人的獨立關係激化出孤立的心境，生命失去連結，產生各類身心疾病的現象日漸嚴重，作為儒學最前衛思想的心學，實屬華人本土心理學的源頭，如能做出相應的思想轉化，來有效解決人類日益嚴重的精神問題，這就是本文會提出「心學心理學」( nousological psychology )的背景。心學大宗師王陽明的思想主軸為「良知」，其良知的內容預示兩條內在覺悟的路線：「自性」(the Self)作為解脫的路線與「自我」(the Ego)作為解放的路線。自性超越個體而自我彰顯個體，心學心理學同樣看重這個議題的討論，並發現可與榮格(Carl Gustav Jung )主張的「分析心理學( analytical psychology )展開對話，心學心理學主張活出自性能讓人發現生命的終極意義，這與傅朗克(Viktor Emil Frankl) 主張的「意義治療學」(logotherapy) 有著交集，心學心理學藉由分析心理學與意義治療學確認其觀念理路可跨越自身的文化，能與西洋心理學的發展脈絡相合。心學心理學繼承東亞文化傳統裡靈性鍛鍊的元素，會因應當事人生命頻率的悅納程度，給出各有不同側重點的靈性鍛鍊工夫，因應精神醫學目前只著重在服用化學藥物引發的副作用，心學心理學主張精神醫學能轉型為身心整合醫學，尤其使用中國醫學與順勢醫學(homeopathy) 來輔佐解決當事人的精神問題，心學心理學並已注意到海寧格( Bert Hellinger) 主張系統排列(systemic constellations) 的治療法，其家族排列法( family constellations) 受到自性的牽引，心學心理學肯認家族排列法作為認識自性的意義，會適度運用這個治療法，來幫人因發現自己生命隱藏性的問題，進而活出自性的喜悅。本文藉由回應「黃光國難題」，來探討心學心理學發展出來的智慧諮詢，應該從各有不同側重點的靈性鍛鍊工夫外，著重在其間鋪陳出「天人對立」的階段性思辨過程，讓並不了解自性的當事人有機會跟治療師或諮詢師討論自性的相關義理，從實務層面來回應我們如何藉由智慧諮詢解決人具體的身心困惑。

關鍵字

心學心理學；自性；自我；華人本土心理學；修養心理學；黃光國難題

並列摘要

As the last original trend of thought in ancient China and with the spread of Western influences to the East, Nousology provides a strong thinking dynamic during modernization in East Asia society, especially Japan and China. One of the features of modernization is to get rid of the traditional family structure and to gain personal freedom from economic independence. However, since individuals are no longer tightly bounded with family, they usually feel out of place in the rapid changing world. The independent interpersonal relationship sharpens the feeling of isolation. Since the loss of connections in life, both physical and mental illness become more severe for human beings. As the most avant-garde thoughts in Confucianism, Nousology is actually the origin of Chinese Indigenous Psychology. If the Nousology can be transformed into corresponding thoughts, the increasingly serious psychiatric problems of human beings can be solved effectively. This is the background of nousological psychology. The shaft thoughts of Wang Yang-ming, master of Nousology is conscience, which implies two ways of internal awareness: ＂the Self＂ as a line of relief and ＂the Ego＂ as the line of liberation. The Self transcends the individual and the Ego manifests the individual. Nousological psychology also takes this issue seriously and finds that nousological psychology may have a dialogue with Carl Gustav Jung's analytical psychology. Nousological psychology claims that to live with the Self can one find the ultimate goal of life, which is interlaced with Viktor Emil Frankl's logotherapy. Nousological psychology confirms that the thread of thoughts can be trans-cultural by examining analytical psychology and logotherapy and fits the context of the Western psychology. Nousological psychology takes the heritage of spiritual training from cultural tradition of East Asia. The spiritual training can change its level with different acceptance of life frequency of clients. Since neuropsychiatry partially focuses on the side effect of taking medicine, nousological psychology claims that neuropsychiatry can be transformed into psychosomatic medicine, especially with the assistance of Chinese medicine and homeopathy to deal with clients' psychiatric problem. Nousological psychology also notices Bert Hellinger's therapy of systemic constellations: the family constellation is drawn by the Self. Nousological psychology affirms the positivity of family constellations as a treatment tool and would take this therapy on occasion to locate one's hidden problems in life, and then live with the happiness of the Self. This paper, by responding to the ＂Hwang Kwang-Kuo Problem,＂ explores how nousological psychology can develop wisdom consultation. Although it is possible to engage in spiritual exercise from different points of emphasis, it should focus on laying out the philosophical process of ＂combines humans and Heaven.＂ As a result, the individuals who do not understand the Self also have the opportunities to discuss concepts of the Self with the therapists or counselors , and to respond to how we use wisdom consultation to solve the physical and mental confusion from the practical level.