公職人員退休生活與退休規劃之研究

A Study on Retirement and Retirement Planning of Public Officers in Taiwan

林欣慈(Lin, S.-T.) ； 魏惠娟(Wei, H.-C.)

《福祉科技與服務管理學刊》 5卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 285-298

https://doi.org/10.6283/JOCSG.201712_5(4).285

摘要

臺灣高齡化社會引發對於國家財政、經濟、社會及衛生等眾多面向的難題與衝擊。在臺灣，公職人員是工作與收入較為穩定的一個族群，但在退休後生活規劃與調適、退休心態的轉變，一直是缺乏關注與輔導的議題，加上近年公職人員退休金議題炒得沸沸揚揚，也迫使退休公職人員的退休後生活可能面臨不同的規劃或改變。本研究訪談二十位退休公務人員，結果發現高達四成的公職人員對於退休生涯沒有任何的想法及規劃，在沒有迫切的經濟壓力情況下，他們沒有任何規劃就毅然退休。公職人員對於何時退休與退休後經濟來源均較勞工有較多的掌控性與穩定性，但因未有具體的退休規劃而面臨退休後生活適應之問題。受訪者若在退休前就做好退休後生活規劃的準備，則退休後的生活都表現出正向、樂觀、充實、享受當下的退休生活。反之，若無退休準備的受訪者，退休生活並不如當初所預期，進而甚至懷念原本退休前的生活。綜言之，政府協助個人經歷退休過程時持續維繫正向自我概念和生活滿意度是重要的，如何協助退休人員做好完善的退休規劃，無論政府或個人都需要去關心及努力。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 公職人員 ； 退休規劃 ； 退休準備

並列摘要

Almost every country in the world has an aging society and more attention is being paid to issues related to the elderly. In 2017, Taiwan transited from an aging society to an aged society. An aging society can cause many problems and impact such areas as state finances, economics, society, and hygiene. These problems recently become challenges for most countries. The concept of retirement changes with social change, and the meaning of retirement is changing continuously. In the White House Conference on Aging Population in 1971, the White House clearly pointed out that the successful tackling of aging problems entirely depends on the proper resolution of problems related to retirement. In Taiwan, public officers have more stable jobs and incomes than other people. However, the government has been ignoring issues related to retirement planning and adjustment and transforming public officers’ retirement mentality. There has been much discussion recently on the retirement pension of public officers, and this may force retired public officers to deal with retirement planning and lifestyle changes after retirement. This study focuses on public officers and covers three retirement areas: (1) it explores the experience of retirement planning; (2) it explores how retirement planning is executed; (3) it explores the obstacles encountered when executing retirement planning. Female retirees devote more attention to leisure activities such as travelling and sport in their retirement planning. Since military and police personnel retire earlier than other public officers, they bear heavier family burdens but are also more likely to gain reemployment. Public officers have more control over when to retire and have stable financial resources after retiring. However, since they do not specifically plan their retirement, they have problems adjusting to retirement. Although most interviewees did not have obvious financial problems, they still had to consider thoroughly how to arrange their retirement properly if they wanted to retire without much worry. In this study, retirees were found to have a positive, optimistic and fulfilling retirement if they plan their retirement well before retiring. If not, they have an unexpected retirement and miss their life before retirement. In conclusion, it is important for the government to help individuals maintain positive self-concept and life satisfaction during retirement. Either government or individuals need to work and pay attention to helping retirees plan their retirement.

並列關鍵字

retirement ； public officers ； retirement planning