淺析中國大陸地區與西方政體關於「地方自治」之異同

The comprision of self-governance system between Mainland China and Western regimes-From the angle of social value

吳正中(ZHENG-ZHUENG WU)

《社科法政論叢》 5期 (2017/03) Pp. 83-108

https://doi.org/10.6268/RSSLP.2017.5.4

摘要

一定的地方事務，由當地住民組織的公共團體，依當地住民意思，進行處理，即地方自治的基本理念，也是近代人類公共事務運作所奉行的原則之一。然而，上開地方住民公共團體的法律人格，及其所為的行政決定，各與國家之間的關係為何？則在法制上有諸多討論。本文擬淺析中國大陸地區有關前述地方自治的概念，及其與其他國家或地區（主要以西方政體為主，試舉日本與中華民國【臺灣】為具體實例）關於地方自治法制的異同，並佐以圖例參考，來介紹中國大陸地區的中央與地方制度，探討箇中差別。最後以孫中山先生在其《三民主義》理論中，對於權能區分、均權制度與地方自治的理念，作為總結，並提出建議，提供讀者參考。

關鍵字

地方自治 ； 公共團體 ； 大陸地區 ； 孫中山 ； 權能區分

並列摘要

A public body which consists of the residence has to process some specific local affairs based on the residence's will, and it is the basic concept of local self-governance. It is one of the principles obeyed to operate public affairs as well. However, what are the relationships among the the legal personality of the public body, the administrative decisions made by it, and the country itself? There are a lot of discussion about the potential legal issues. This thesis will analyze the notions of self-governance in Mainland China and the differences in the legal systems between Mainland China and other regimes. They will be illustrated by the practice, which are mainly based on western value, in Japan and the Republic of China (Taiwan). Furthermore, the legal systems of the central government and region governments of Mainland China will be introduced in the essay as well. To further understanding, there will be some charters for reference. In the last chapter, I will conclude this essay throught out the main ideas of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's theory, Sunology (Three Principles of the People), where the concepts of the ＂Separation of Rights and Powers＂ and the ＂System of Right of Both Central and Local Governments＂ were addressed, and some suggestions will be given in the end.

並列關鍵字

Local Self- Governance ； public body ； Mainland China ； Dr. Sun Yet-Sen ； Separation of Rights and Powers