共和擺設抑或憲政門神——新加坡與中華民國總統制度之比較研究

本文旨在探討新加坡與中華民國之總統之職位異同。本文採用文獻探討法，以總統在憲法所賦予之職權運作方面，進行分析，尤其著重於總統與政府、議會等憲政機關之間的全力互動關係，期能更進一步釐清總統之憲政地位，是否有助於政局穩定及國政運作，進而增進國家發展。新加坡共和國設置總統之目的，在於獨立建國後，採行共和內閣制。故特設總統職位作為元首。另總統之職權，得設置若干總統理事會，對於國政仍得發揮否決權影響。但實踐上似又與憲法所規定職權不盡相符，與憲政制度設計有所出入。此一政治所為強人之政治末期。同為華人社會，中華民國政治之發展，以總統制為方向，推動憲政改造，以期建立永續執政與高速效能之政府，但缺乏憲政僵局解決機制。本文斟酌新加坡特殊國情，推演該國在後李顯龍時代，似應朝總統制邁進，修改目前全民直接選舉的族群輪替規定，並有正當性和總理分享政務權力，以建立權責相符的憲政體制。中華民國作為東亞金融、觀光與交通的重要樞紐，適度調整憲政體制，賦予民選總統完整行政實權，期能面對國家治理能力提升時能迅赴機宜，透過憲政改造工程，鞏固民主。

關鍵字

內閣制；總統制；新加坡；政府體制；五權憲法

並列摘要

This article uses the constitutional discussion method to analyze the president's operation of the powers given by the constitution, especially the full interaction between the president and the government, the parliament and other constitutional institutions. The relationship can further clarify whether the constitutional government system of the president is conducive to the stability of the political situation and the operation of the national government, and to promote the development of the country. The Republic of Singapore is set up as a president to establish a republican cabinet after independence. Therefore, the special post of President serves as the head of state. In addition, the presidency of the president may require the establishment of a number of presidential councils, which still have the effect of veto power on national affairs. However, in practice, it seems to be inconsistent with the functions and powers stipulated in the Constitution, which is inconsistent with the design of the constitutional government system. This politics is the end of politics for strong men. As a Chinese society, the development of the Republic of China's politics is guided by the presidential system and promotes the reform of constitutional government with a view to establishing a government with sustainable governance and high-speed efficiency, but it lacks a mechanism to resolve the deadlock in constitutional government. This article considers Singapore's special national conditions and deduces that the country in the post-Li Xianlong era should move towards the presidential system, modify the current ethnic rotation rules for direct national elections, and have legitimacy to share administrative power with the Prime Minister in order to establish a constitutional government system that matches power and responsibility. The Republic of China, as an important hub of finance, tourism, and transportation in East Asia, moderately adjusts the constitutional government system to give elected presidents complete administrative powers, and hopes that they will be able to go quickly when the state's governance capacity is improved, and consolidate democracy through constitutional reform projects.

並列關鍵字

cabinet system ； presidential system ； Singapore ； government system ； constitution of five powers

國際替代計量

共和擺設抑或憲政門神——新加坡與中華民國總統制度之比較研究

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