論居家照顧服務員的勞動條件：國家長期照顧的法制建構

Discuss the working conditions of home care attendants: Legal construction of National Long-term care

張文彬(Wun-Being Chang)

《社科法政論叢》 10期 (2022/03) Pp. 53-90

https://doi.org/10.6268/RSSLP.202203_(10).0003

摘要

長照2.0於2017年執行後，居家照顧服務員的品質與數量，發展為長期照顧服務體系於滿足在地老化理念的基本人力。但學術研究發現居家照顧服務員在勞動條件方面的困境，而影響長期照顧服務人力的穩定性。其勞動條件的困境主要為：第一，月薪偏低。第二，長期工作容易累績負面情緒及心理負擔。第三，居家照顧服務員所處的勞動環境之職業風險非常高。第四，服務對象的問題可能會歸咎於居家照顧服務員身上，影響居家照顧服務員的自尊心。第五，居家服務的過程難免有性騷擾的事件發生。居家照顧服務員與居家服務機構為僱傭關係。但國家法制仍應重視居家照顧服務員的勞動條件，並擴及居家服務機構、被照顧者及其家庭。因此，本文建議將「薪資」、「轉場工時」、「職業災害」、「性騷擾」、「訟外紛爭解決機制」及「師級證照」等六項勞動條件應法制化，並增訂於《長期照顧服務法》，規範居家照顧服務員在勞動條件方面的發展基礎，避免居家服務機構之「人治」弊病。居家照顧服務員為居家式長期照顧服務體系的核心，由國家立法保障居家照顧服務員與居家服務機構的勞動關係，方能吸引新人投入居家照顧服務員的工作，未來發展取決於居家照顧服務員的品質與數量，所以將居家照顧服務員的勞動條件法制化為穩定人力的基礎。

關鍵字

居家服務員 ； 勞動條件 ； 長照2.0 ； 長期照顧服務法 ； 勞動基準法

並列摘要

After the implementation of Long-term care 2.0 in 2017, the quality and quantity of home care attendants have developed into the basic manpower for the long-term care service system to meet the local aging concept. However, academic results have found that the working conditions of home care attendants are difficult, which affects the stability of the long-term care service manpower. The main dilemmas of his working conditions are as follows: First, the monthly salary is low. Second, long-term work tends to accumulate negative emotions and psychological burdens. Third, the occupational risk of the working environment in which home attendants are located is very high. Fourth, the problem of the client may be attributed to home care attendants, which affects the self-esteem of home care attendants. Fifth, incidents of sexual harassment will inevitably occur in the process of home service. This article explains the employment relationship between home care attendants and home service institution. However, the national legal system should still pay attention to the working conditions of home attendants and extend it to home service agencies, care recipients and their families. Therefore, this article proposes to legalize the six working conditions for ＂wages＂, ＂Working hours of Transitions＂, ＂Occupational injury＂, ＂sexual harassment＂, ＂Alternative Dispute Resolution＂ and ＂certification of Senior Professional and Technical Examinations＂ , add to the ＂Long-Term Care Services Act＂ to regulate The development basis of home care attendants in terms of working conditions, to avoid the ＂ rule of human ＂ Disadvantage of home service institution. home care attendants are the core of the home-based long-term care service system. National legislation guarantees the labor relationship between home attendants and home service institution to attract newcomers to the work of home attendants. The future development depends on the quality and quantity of home care attendants. The legalization of the working conditions of the waiters becomes the basis of stable manpower.

並列關鍵字

home care attendants ； working conditions ； long-term care 2.0 ； Long-Term Care Services Act ； Labor Standards Act