文化交流研究入門介紹

Introduction to the Studies of Cultural Encounters

陳慧宏(Hui-Hung Chen)

《臺大東亞文化研究》 1期 (2013/06) Pp. 1-8

https://doi.org/10.6579/NJEAC.2014.1.1

摘要

人類歷史，是由無數的文化間交流所組成，因此形成了最單純並基本的研究「文化交流」的原因：研究歷史，就是在處理各種不同程度及狀態的文化間交流。從這樣的視野觀看人類經驗的過往時，自然地不會以國別及地區的限制範圍來寫作歷史。本文概要地討論這個角度，在近來形塑了世界史的寫作，並在某種意義上讓西方學界有力地抨擊歐洲中心的傳統思維，將歐洲史的定義帶向更多元而豐富的取徑上。美洲及非洲的研究，也逐漸能走出一條可喜獨立的路線，且非一定地依附著歐洲歷史的走向而被解讀。在如此的學術思潮中，中歐文化交流研究是一個相當被關注，而在九十年代後才逐漸與世界史研究接軌的新興領域。總之，文化交流的概念是一種新的視野，任何中心論的傳統假定，會在如此視鏡下被放大而受質疑，因此邊緣及中心可能流動的相對關係是被關注的重點。而重要事件連續序列的邏輯，也顯得並不理所當然。文化交流新視野的演變，部分地與後現代史學思潮中的文化史互為發展或影響。「他者」概念的演繹，更可說明在以上學術發展歷程中，文化之間或自我、他者之間的研究，會形成著有成績之新興領域的原因。

關鍵字

文化接觸或交流 ； 涵化 ； 跨文化 ； 本土化 ； 合一

並列摘要

Human history consists of numerous encounters of cultures. This is thus the simplest and most basic reason for studying cultural encounters; to study history is to deal with a variety of interactions between cultures in different levels and contexts. Looking at the experience of human interaction from this perspective, it is natural that writing history would not be confined by the limitations of nations or regions. This introduction briefly discusses this perspective, which has shaped recent writings of world history. This new perspective, in a sense, led western academia to strongly criticize the traditional, Euro-centric mode of thinking, and brings European history to a richer and more diverse path. Studies of the Americas and Africa can thus be considered independently, not necessarily interpreted from the mainline of European history. It was through this type of academic trend that, in the 1990s, research on the cultural encounters between Europe and China became a prominent topic, gradually being integrated into research on and writing of world history. Therefore, the concept of cultural encounters is a new approach-the traditional assumptions that arose from any region's ＂centrism＂ are put under the microscope and questioned. The potentially fluid relationships between center and periphery have received intense focus, and the traditional, sequential logic of important historical event is not taken for granted. The newly evolving perspectives on cultural encounters were also related to the development of cultural history in postmodern historiography. The elaboration of several concepts in this historiography, such as ＂the other,＂ may go even further in explaining how research on interactions between cultures, or between the self and other have become such an advanced field of story.

並列關鍵字

cultural encounters ； acculturation ； transculturation ； inculturation ； syncretism