根據國際航空運輸協會(IATA)統計,飛安事故的80%都與人為疏失有關,但大多數航空公司在航機維修部分卻甚少針對人為疏失紀錄和數據進行詳細的分析與處理,進而從中找出造成人為疏失的主要原因。因此,本研究採用「人為因素分析和歸類系統-維修延伸(HFACS-ME)」作為分析理論架構,針對研究個案航空公司停機線航機維修部門過去三年因人為疏失而引發異常事件之204件維修作業報告進行分析,探討影響航機維修疏失的人為因素。研究證明HFACS-ME架構能用來鑑別台籍航空公司的維修疏失與人為因素的關係;同時研究發現,造成個案航空公司人為疏失前三項分別為第一層級的「判斷/決策」、第四層級的「不完整的維護程序」以及第三層級的「不充足的訓練/準備」,顯示「判斷/決策」的錯誤在航機維修的人為因素中仍是首要關鍵因子。另外,透過層級間關聯性分析,發現跨層級的兩項人為疏失因素-「不完整的維護程序」與「不充足的訓練/準備」之相互影響,應據此改善。本研究結果可供航空產業在資源有限的情況下,聚焦及管理重要的人為因素,並運用在安全管理系統(SMS)上,期盼能使人為疏失之發生機率降至最低,實際提昇航機維修之安全管理。
According to International Air Transport Association (IATA), approximately 80 percent of airplane accidents are due to human errors (pilots, air traffic controllers, mechanics, etc.). Yet many efforts have been made on human factors in flight operations rather than maintenance operation. Therefore, this study aims to employ "Maintenance Extension of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS-ME)" as an analytical framework for the investigation of the role of human factors in aircraft line maintenance irregular operation. 204 maintenance operation reports dated from 2009-2011 were collected from a Taiwanese airline. This research demonstrates that the HFACS-ME framework can be used to identify the human factors associated with irregular events in airline line-maintenance in Taiwan. Meanwhile, this study finds that top three of most frequently occurring human factor related categories are "Judgment/decision-making(level 1)", "Inadequate process(level 4)", and "Inadequate training/preparation(level 3)". The latent failures and active failures at different levels also pinpoint the need and the directions for maintenance advancement. In particular, "Inadequate process" in level 4 and "Inadequate training/preparation" in level 3 revealed their significant correlation. Results of this study can be used to improve airline safety as well as Safety Management System.