座艙干擾與飛行員因應分析研究

A Study of Exploring Cockpit Interruption and Pilots' Preventive Methods

蔡玟玲(Wen-Ling Tsai) ； 陳宏仁(Hung-Jen Chen) ； 何立己(Li-Ji Ho)

《航空安全及管理季刊》 3卷3期 (2016/07) Pp. 179-205

摘要

本研究為探索性研究，透過六名志願的飛行調查員，於訓練後協助執行187架次的飛行座艙干擾調查，主要目的為透過現場觀察方式，瞭解飛行座艙干擾主要來源，干擾發生的飛行階段、以及遭遇座艙干擾時，飛行組員所採用的線索記錄方式與減低失誤的方法，並探究干擾發生時，飛行組員所採用的線索記錄方式與減低失誤的方法，對於干擾處理結果的影響。本研究結果顯示，平均每次飛航程會受到五次以上的干擾；最常出現干擾的飛行階段為「飛機後推前」；最常見的座艙干擾來源為「航管指示」；飛行組員遭遇干擾時，最常採取的線索紀錄方式為「書寫在紙上」；最常採取減低失誤的方法為「避免急迫的情況發生」。根據變異數分析結果，當座艙干擾發生時，飛行組員若將線索「輸入控制顯示器（Control Display Unit, CDU）」或是「書寫於紙上」或採用「察覺失誤的時機」減低失誤的方法時，飛行組員能獲得最佳的干擾處理結果。

關鍵字

座艙干擾 ； 飛行階段 ； 線索記錄方式 ； 減低失誤方法 ； 干擾來源

並列摘要

This exploratory study used observation as the data collection method and aimed to investigate interruptions and distractions in the cockpit. It focused particularly on the flight phase where cockpit interruptions took place, the probable sources that led to interruptions, and the influence of the reminder cues that pilots used to manage interruptions. Six volunteer pilots were recruited and trained as investigators to observe the interruption prevention measures they and their co-pilots adopted during 187 flights. The results indicated that the average interruptions of each flight was more than 5 times, that the most common phase of interruption was＂before pushback＂, that the primary interruption source was ＂ATC instructions＂, that the most frequently used cue was＂jotting down notes on paper＂, and that the most frequent method to reduce errors was ＂preventing emergencies from happening＂. Further ANONA analysis indicated that the best ways to prevent cockpit interruptions and distractions were the ＂keying into the controller display unit＂, ＂jotting down notes on paper＂ and ＂awareness to possible interruptions.＂

並列關鍵字

cockpit interruption ； flight phase ； reminder cues ； prevention measures ； interruption sources

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