建置飛航管制模擬訓練系統實施國軍航管人員訓練之初步成效評估研究

回顧過往國軍航管人員之訓練，僅能以師徒相傳之方式為之，導致訓練標準不一、期程冗長、經驗與技術無法有效傳承，技能等級提升受限。早期雖有簡易式航管模擬器執行人員訓練，惟隨著國軍雷達裝備汰換、添購新式戰機及各機場場景改變，傳統模擬器內部功能及相關影像圖資均已無法滿足現行訓練模式，這導致飛航管制人員對於模擬器訓練產生排斥感。航管人員在學習的過程當中，均利用實際管制航機方式累積個人學習經驗，徒增飛航安全風險值，且往往因為一次錯誤造成人員心理壓力過大，進而無法勝任飛航管制工作，導致人力逐年短缺，對於我國軍整體戰力實為一大損失。本研究旨在以飛航管制模擬訓練系統探討國軍航管人員訓練，而研究方法乃以與國軍航管人員和國家中山科學研究院工程師進行專家訪談之方式，參考其實際飛航管制作業和經驗，比較過往師徒相傳訓練方式與運用飛航管制模訓練系統之教學模式，經研究發現經驗與技術無法有效傳承，但藉由飛航管制模擬訓練系統之訓練裝備輔助後，可突破各項時、空因素限制、節約訓練成本、降低訓練風險，有效提升人員訓練及測考成效。本研究進一步探究將此一飛航管制模擬訓練系統擴及應用至民航人員訓練之可能性，希冀能提供民航航管模擬系統開發應用之具體發展方向建議。

關鍵字

飛航管制；模擬器；組員資源管理

並列摘要

In the past, the training program of military air traffic controllers (ATCs) merely depends on one-on-one teaching by those seniors. And it results in the standard of training getting inconsistent, the process being time-consuming and lengthy, the passing down of experience and skill becoming ineffectively and the level of technique to be promoted being within limits. In early days, there is simple mode of ATC training simulator, but its function and related data, charts and images gradually cannot meet the need of present training pattern with the renovation of military radar equipment, purchase of modern fighters and the reconstruction of the airports. Accordingly, ATCs generally feel sick when running simulators. They collect experience by way of real-time flight control, and it will only makes flight safety much more risky. The worst is that controllers usually get too much pressure through the mistakes and get failed during air traffic control qualification. The manpower of ATCs falls into shortage and our military combat ability weakens. This research explores ATCs training by using newly-made ATC simulating system. The methodology adopts expert interview with these military ATCs and the engineers from CSIST (National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology), refers to ATC operation and experience and compare the training program between old one-on-one and such a new simulating system. We found experience and skill cannot be passed down effectively, but with the application of ATC simulating system, a breakthrough can be made out of the limitation of various time and space factors, training cost drops down, training risks decrease and the achievement of ATC training and examination enhances largely. Furthermore, this research probes into the possibility of applying this new simulator system to civil ATCs training and we hope we can provide specific suggestions to develop civil ATC simulating system.