國防醫學院歷史發展的分期定位

Periodizing the Development History of the National Defense Medical Center

葉永文

《人文社會與醫療學刊》 2期 (2015/05) Pp. 219-228

https://doi.org/10.6279/JHSSM.2015.2(1).11

摘要

國防醫學院雖於1947年成立，但其創校源頭可追溯其前身軍醫學校創辦時的1902年，所以國防醫學院可稱之為百年學校。本文試圖將這所超越百年的學校進行歷史分期定位，這般分期定位主要區分為軍醫學校時代與國防醫學院時代，再依這兩個時代進一步區別發展時期。首先，軍醫學校的發展可概分為黃金時期、黑暗時期、制度化時期、及規模化時期等四個階段。而關於國防醫學院的發展，至今也概略可分為四個階段：國醫在大陸時期、盧致德主政時期、重建國醫中心時期、以及新世紀國醫發展時期。在這歷史分期的定位過程中，值得說明的是，衛訓所與協和脈絡的導入，其影響至為關鍵，當軍醫學校被重整為國防醫學院的時候，內部的英美派與德日派不同醫療體系產生激烈的衝突，最後由英美派佔上風，於是日後的國防醫學院發展，便以美式醫學為導向。

關鍵字

國防醫學院 ； 軍醫學校 ； 歷史分期

並列摘要

Although the National Defense Medical Center (NDMC) in Taiwan was founded in 1947, its origin can be traced to its former institute, the Army Medical College, established in 1902. Therefore, the NDMC is referred to as a century-old school. This paper presents a periodization of the history of this century-old school into 2 periods, the Army Medical College period and NDMC period, which were used as the basis for dividing the development periods of the NDMC. The development of the Army Medical College can be approximately divided into 4 periods, namely, the Golden period, dark period, institutionalized period, and scaling period. The development of NDMC can also be divided into 4 periods as follows: the NDMC in Mainland China, NDMC led by Chih-Te Lu, NDMC under reconstruction, and NDMC in a new century. During the process of periodization, we determined that the amalgamation of the Wartime Health Personnel Training Center and Peking Union Medical College critically influenced the development of the NDMC. When the Army Medical College was restructured into the NDMC, intense conflicts developed between the 2 medical systems (i.e., Anglo-American and German- Japanese) implemented in the school. Nevertheless, the Anglo-American system dominated eventually, prompting the NDMC to orient its development toward American-based medicine.

並列關鍵字

National Defense Medical Center ； Army Medical College ； periodization