環保署土污整治基金運用效益量化研究－以全國廢棄工廠調查為例

行政院環境保護署（以下簡稱環保署）將土壤及地下水污染整治基金（以下簡稱土污整治基金）部分運用於各類型場址污染調查，主動發現土壤及地下水污染並要求改善，保障國人健康及維護生活環境。土污整治基金投入污染調查為一環保行政，其政策效益可藉由投入（政策成本）和產出（政策收益）進行比較衡量。本研究蒐集國內、外針對事業土壤及地下水污染調查及管理方式，並以環保署2004年起推動之歷年全國廢棄工廠土壤及地下水污染調查計畫為例，進行整體性成本有效性分析，以量化方式呈現土污整治基金在廢棄工廠調查之政策效益，作為後續政策推動參考。由廢棄工廠歷年調查成果之成本有效性分析顯示，在經濟效益方面，歷年調查計畫總支出成本為4.58億元，因土壤及地下水污染進行場址整治改善成本約131億元，總支出成本約135.58億元，而後續衍生土地永續利用之土地開發效益約613億元，新工廠生產效益約2,746億元，總經濟效益約3,359億元，整體經濟效益可達25倍。在環境效益方面，因污染整治削減環境中土壤重金屬總污染量約7,433 t、總石油碳氫化合物污染量約5,860 t；地下水重金屬總污染量約515 kg及地下水揮發性有機物污染量約217 kg，有效減少環境污染。在社會效益方面，廢棄工廠計畫衍生就業機會約97,659人，已污染改善場址能有效降低居民致癌或健康危害風險。顯示全國廢棄工廠調查除能有效避免土壤及地下水污染擴大外，對於經濟、環境及社會各方面皆有明顯助益。

關鍵字

廢棄工廠；土壤及地下水污染；成本有效性分析

並列摘要

In order to protect and maintain Taiwan's environmental health, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Executive Yuan, distributed some of the funds designated for soil contamination improvement programs to conduct pollution investigations at various sites. Through these investigations, numerous plants were identified as contributing to soil or groundwater contamination and were requested to improve their status. The investment of soil and groundwater pollution remediation funds from EPA into pollution investigation is a method to implement environmental policy, in which the benefits can be evaluated by comparing input as policy costs with output as policy benefits. This report aims to provide a comparison of the investigation and management strategies for soil and groundwater pollution in industrial areas by gathering domestic and foreign policies to analyze the status quo in Taiwan. In this report, our team implemented a cost-effectiveness analysis and a key performance indicators assessment according to records from the Site Investigation for Soil and Groundwater Contamination of Abandoned Factories started in 2004. The results are presented in a quantification form in this report as a reference for further EPA policies. The cost-effectiveness analysis of performance and the utility of historical abandoned factories pointed out in the investigations indicated that the total cost of these improvement programs was 13.558 billion NT dollars, including 458 million NT dollars for the investigations as total, and 13.1 billion NT dollars for the treatment of the sites identified with contaminated soil and groundwater. The cost has create about 335.9 billion NT dollars as total economic benefit, which includes 61.3 billion NT dollars from sustainable land development and 274.6 billion NT dollars from new factories establishment. On the aspect of environmental benefit, the contamination remediation has effectively treated 7,433 t of soil with heavy metal contamination, 5,860 t of soil with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination, 515 kg of groundwater with heavy metal-contamination, and 217 kg of groundwater with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contamination. Moreover, when it comes to social utility, the program created employment opportunities of up to 97,659 positions and shrank the level of health risk assessment with improvements in the surroundings of the factories. Thus, in addition to preventing the expansion of pollution via tracking the source in the investigations of national abandoned factories, the remarkable utility has been created in aspects of economics, environment, and society.

並列關鍵字

abandoned factory ； soil and groundwater pollution ； cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA)

國際替代計量

環保署土污整治基金運用效益量化研究－以全國廢棄工廠調查為例

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