韓國簽訂自由貿易協定現況與對受害產業之支援措施研究

世界貿易組織(WTO)成立以來一直標榜以促進國際間的自由貿易與投資之自由化爲目標，然而由於國際現實之因素，欲透過世界貿易組織實現國與國間的貿易與投資自由化曠日費時，且成效相對有限。因此，各國除了透過世界貿易組織的多邊談判管道外，更積極與其他國家或地區進行雙邊自由貿易協定的簽訂，以圖國家利益之最大化。至目前爲止，韓國已經生效的自由貿易協定有5個，即韓國與智利、新加坡、EFTA、ASEAN、印度等國或經濟體簽訂之自由貿易協定。而已經簽署的自由貿易協定包含韓國與美國自由貿易協定（2007.6.30簽署，2009.4.22.通過韓國國會外交通商統一委員會審議）、韓國與歐盟自由貿易協定。韓國與祕魯自由貿易協定已經草簽完成。此外，韓國正與7個國家或區域經濟體協商自由貿易協定中。各國在實施自由貿易協定時，難免會傷害國內弱勢產業、企業與勞工，韓國政府爲了國內產業的升級以及將對這些可能受害的產業、企業與勞工的傷害降到最小，除了在自由貿易協定中與締約國簽定雙邊與多邊防衛措施，以爲弱勢產業與企業爭取最大之保護空間外，針對弱勢產業、企業與勞工提出各項支援措施，以加速弱勢產業之結構調整，並提升產業、企業與勞工之競爭力。台灣尋求與他國或經濟體簽訂自由貿易協定是一不可避免之趨勢，政府在爭取國家利益之最大化時，應尋求協助弱勢產業、企業與勞工的方法。韓國與各國或經濟體自由貿易協定中之防衛措施條款內容，以及韓國政府對弱勢產業、企業與勞工的支援政策與配套措施，或許值得我們參考與借鏡。

關鍵字

世界貿易組織；區域貿易協定；自由貿易協定；防衛措施；支援措施

並列摘要

Since year 1998, The South Korea has been aggressively involved in contracting free trade agreement with other countries or economic regions to respond to the trend of regional trade agreement, protect the overseas market share and strengthen the international competitiveness.So far, five free trade agreements (FTA) are in force, including the FTA between the Republic of Korea and Chile, the FTA between the Republic of Korea and Singapore, the FTA between the Republic of Korea and EFTA, the FTA between the Republic of Korea and ASEAN, and Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of India. Besides, the Republic of Korea has signed FTA with the United States and the European Union separately in June 2007 and October 2010.To protect the uncompetitive industries and enterprises at the short term and to improve the competitiveness of the uncompetitive industries and enterprises for the long run, the government of South Korea has made a lot of efforts. The bilateral safeguard measure is a good example. The South Korea also sets a lot of measures to improve the competitiveness of the vulnerable industries and enterprises. Moreover, the government also provides many programs to maintain employment and to strengthen the capabilities of employees.Taiwan is on the path of promoting FTA negotiation with other countries. The strategies of negotiation and the measures on protecting the uncompetitive industries that the Korea's government provides might be some good references for Taiwan's government.