智能障礙與智力正常者平衡控制比較研究

本研究目的在比較智能障礙與智力正常學生平衡控制能力的表現以及影響平衡的因素是否因智力異常而有所差別。受試為中度智能障礙者共20名（男生9名，女生11名）平均年齡17.9歲，智力正常者共20名（男生9名，女生11名）平均年齡22.3歲。此40名受試者均施以NeureoCom公司所生產的Balance Master平衡檢測儀。結果顯示，智能障礙者在Balance Master六種平衡能力與維持策略的表現均明顯低於智力正常者，進一步探討影響平衡的感覺因素一體感覺、視覺及前庭覺中，發現智能障礙與智力正常者在維持平衡時，影響的感覺因素在視覺、前庭覺、以及視覺的偏好上，智能障礙者與智力正常者有顯著的差異。研究結果建議在訓練智能障礙者體能活動時，應先訓練平衡能力，訓練平衡能力時應優先考慮視覺和前庭覺的刺激。

關鍵字

智能障礙；平衡控制

並列摘要

This study was to compare the balance control between the mental retardation and normal students. Subjects were 20 students with MR (male=9, female=11), and 20 mental normal students (male=9, female=11). All subjects took the test of Balance Master to compare the ability of balance control. The results show that a) students with normal intelligence performed significantly better than mental retardation, b) factors affected the balance-somatosensory, visual, and vestibular, students with mental retardation showed significantly less in visual and vestibular than normal mental students. Students with mental retardation showed less efficient in the strategy to maintain balance than normal mental students. The suggestion of this study is that those who want to train the balance control of mental retardation should emphasize the visual and vestibular sensory input.