運動、人權和北京2008年奧運會

Sport, Human Rights and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games

黃東治(Dong-Jhy Hwang) ； 邱思慈(Suz-Tzu Chiu)

《國立體育學院論叢》 18卷3期 (2007/09) Pp. 11-29

https://doi.org/10.6591/JPES.2007.09.02

摘要

當2001年七月國際奧委會宣佈北京獲得2008年奧運會承辦城市詩，由於中國過去的人權記錄不佳，引起舉世對中國人權問題的關注。特別是中國無論在人權的實務上或理論上都有爭議性：在實務方面，西方國家普遍認為中國在個人人權的保護上仍然不足；在理論方面，中國官員和學者們質疑唯一的世人權觀點，並反對西方國家常常將國際人權的標準強加於亞洲國家。以「後殖民主義」的觀點而言，這已引起了人權議題和亞洲價值觀的辯論。中國政府宣稱每一個國家應有不同的人權觀，我們不應要求其他的國家順從不同於自己的人權觀。因此，本論文將探討幾個問題：運動是否和人權有關？中國人權的發展和亞洲價值觀爭辯為何？北京2008年奧運會和人權議題的爭議為何？為了回答以上的問題本論文將討論下列三個要議題：（一）運動與人權。（二）中國人權的發展。（三）北京2008年奧運會。

關鍵字

人權 ； 北京2008年奧運會 ； 運動

並列摘要

When the International Olympic Committee (IOC) made its decision that Beijing awarded the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games in July 2001, it prompted criticism around the world because of China's poor human rights record. In the debates of human rights, China poses great challenges to human rights in theory and practice. In practice, China is considered, by the measure of most Western countries, to have a patchy record of protecting individuals' human rights. In the theoretical realm, Chinese intellectual and government officials have challenged the idea that the term ”human rights” can be universally understood in one single way and have often opposed attempts by Western countries to impose international standards on Asian countries. Chinese official has claimed that countries can have different conceptions of human rights and China ought not to demand that countries comply with human rights conceptions different from their own. It raises debates between human rights and Asian values under the notion of postcolonialism. Accordingly, a few questions will be considered in this paper. Can sport tackle human rights? How was/is human rights in postcolonial China? Can we forget the Chinese human rights before and within the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games? How were/are human rights in Chinese sports? In attempting to illustrate these issues, this paper will examine the following subjects: (i) sport and human rights; (ii) Human rights in China; and (iii) the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

並列關鍵字

2008 Beijing Olympic Games ； human rights ； sport

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