男子網球選手第一發球與第二發球持拍臂之運動學分析

Kinematics Analysis of the Hitting Arm between First and Second Serves in Male Tennis Players

江勁政(Ching-Cheng Chiang) ； 江勁彥 (Jinn-Yen Chiang) ； 湯文慈( Wen-Tzu Tang)

《臺灣體育學術研究》 50期 (2011/06) Pp. 45-60

https://doi.org/10.6590/TJSSR.2011.06.04

摘要

目的：探討男子網球選手執行不同發球動作時，持拍臂肩、肘、腕關節及拍頭等在運動學參數上之特徵及差異。方法：以八名國內網球選手為研究對象，在實際比賽場地以兩部高速攝影機（250Hz），同步拍攝受試者執行二種不同發球動作後，利用Kwon3D動作分析系統進行影片數位化處理分析並以直接線性轉換（direct linear transformation,DLT）的方法，來獲得三度空間的運動學參數。結果：執行第一發球和第二發球時，肩、肘、腕關節及拍頭最大速度依序遞增，且出現的時間均在加速期內。而第一發球在到達肩、肘、腕關節、拍頭最大速度和到達擊球點所需時間，均比第二發球慢。二種發球動作角度曲線變化類似，肩關節角度在擊球前均持續增加；肘關節伸展角度在加速期的變化最大。肩、肘、腕關節最大角速度依序在加速期內出現，其中以肘關節角速度增加最多。二種不同發球動作腕關節角加速度皆大於肘關節與肩關節。結論：為讓發球球速達到最快，肩、肘、腕關節及拍頭速度應在加速期內依序遞增，第二發球在加速期前，拍頭位置應盡量降低，加速期時應加快拍頭速度，而加速期在第一或第二發球動作中均扮演了關鍵性的角色。

關鍵字

網球發球 ； 生物力學 ； 拍頭速度 ； 上肢 ； 三維分析

並列摘要

he aim of this study was to investigate the difference of threedimensional kinematics of the first and second serves performed by male tennis players. Eight right-handed experienced male tennis players were recruited in this study. Two synchronized high-speed video systems (250 Hz) were used to record the participants’ serving motions for serves performed on the tennis court. Images were digitalized by Kwon 3D performance analysis system and the 3D kinematics parameters were obtained by using the direct linear transformation (direct linear transformation, DLT) method. The results of this study were summarized as followed: In acceleration phase, it was found that the proximal-todistal (shoulder, elbow and wrist) maximum joint velocities and racket head velocity sequentially increased during the execution of the first and second service. The timing of joint, racket maximum speeds and impact for first serve was lower than second serve. The angle-time plot patterns of first serve were similar to second serve. The shoulder joint angle were constantly increased during cocking and acceleration phase. The angle of elbow extension was having greatest change during acceleration phase. The change of joint angular velocity was much greater in acceleration phase than in the phase of cocking. In addition, it was found that the shoulder, elbow and wrist joint angular velocities sequentially increased occurred in the acceleration phase, and the elbow joint angle velocity was having largest increasing. The angular acceleration velocity of wrist joint was much greater than the elbow and shoulder joints in different serving motion. It was concluded that acceleration phase play an important role in tennis serving motions.

並列關鍵字

tennis serves ； biomechanics ； racket speed ； upper extremity ； 3D analysis

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