敦煌舞蹈表演藝術形式初探

A Preliminary Study of the Artistic Form of Dun - Huang Dance

王瓊瑢

《舞蹈教育》 13期 (2015/10) Pp. 82-96

摘要

敦煌舞蹈的發展，始於1977年甘肅省歌舞團嘗試創作以莫高窟為背景的舞劇，1979年《絲路花雨》舞劇正式對外發表，掀起各界對敦煌舞蹈的學習熱潮。敦煌為古代絲綢之路的重鎮，其孕育出的藝術包含繪畫、雕刻、美術…等視覺圖像，敦煌舞蹈的發展與敦煌藝術的關係密不可分，敦煌莫高窟被視為敦煌舞蹈的發源地。研究者曾前往北京舞蹈學院學習《絲路花雨》舞劇中的敦煌舞蹈劇目，也曾在臺中縣立文化中心觀賞《絲路花雨》的演出，因而對敦煌舞蹈產生濃厚研究興趣。本研究係針對敦煌莫高窟壁畫中的飛天圖像與敦煌舞蹈表演形式的關聯進行初步探討，研究方法以文獻蒐集與分析為主，藉由彙整敦煌相關文獻與圖片，分析莫高窟壁畫中的飛天形象，並比對這些形象與敦煌舞蹈發展出的動作與姿態，進而瞭解敦煌舞蹈的表演藝術形式，及其對舞蹈藝術的影響。本研究認為壁畫中飛天圖像形態各異，唯多以飛揚的飄帶或修長的身軀來展現凌風飛行的姿態，敦煌舞蹈不止模擬圖像，也發展出特有的S型姿態，並編創出形似飛翔的動作。隨著敦煌舞蹈的興起，各界相繼仿效，開啟了敦煌舞蹈的蓬勃發展。

關鍵字

敦煌 ； 敦煌舞蹈 ； 飛天 ； 莫高窟

並列摘要

The development of Dun-Huang Dance started in 1977, when Ganshu Province Dance and Song Troupe tried to create a dance production with the Mogao Caves as its historical and geographical background. In 1979, the dance drama Tales of the Silk Road was staged officially and its success inspired many people to learn the dance. Dun Huang used to be the most important city along the ancient Silk Road, so various styles of art forms were merged and created here, includes painting, sculpting, fine arts and other visual images. The relationship between the Dun Huang Dance and those visual arts is very close, and Mogao Caves is known as the cradle of it. The researcher of this paper went to Beijing Dance Academy to learn the movements of Dun Huang Dance in Tales of the Silk Road and she also watched the dance performances in the Taichung Municipal City Huludun Cultural Center. Both experiences give her the knowledge about this dance form and inspire her to do further researches on Dun Huang Dance. This study focuses on the relationship between The Flying Gods mural painting of Mogao Caves and the artistic form of Dun Huang Dance. In order to investigate the features and characteristics of Dun Huang Dance and the influence from the visual arts, the research method of this study is literature review and analyses, such as collecting the text and the pictures related to Dun Huang culture, analyzing the forms of The Flying Gods in Mogao Caves mural painting, and comparing the paintings and the movements of Dun Huang Dance. The initial finding of this study is that although most of the figures in The Flying Gods mural paintings are painted with floating ribbons or slender bodies to demonstrate their postures of flying ethereally, the choreography of Dun Huang Dance does not only imitate those images but instead develop the peculiar S-shaped gestures and create flying dance movements. This creation springs up the popularity and development of Dun Huang Dance and also attracts many people to learn and to contribute to this artistic form.

並列關鍵字

Dun Huang ； Dun Huang Dance ； The Flying Gods ； Mogao Caves